Table 1. Promoter hypermethylation of BEND5 gene in relation to clinical parameters for CRC.
| Characteristics | Totala | Hypermethylationb | Low methylation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n (%) | n (%) | P-valueC | ||
| Total | 135 | 117 (86.7) | 18 (13.3) | ||
| Clinicopathological parameters | |||||
| Age | < 65 | 58 | 51 (87.9) | 7 (12.1) | 1.000 |
| > 65 | 71 | 62 (87.3) | 9 (12.7) | ||
| Gender | Male | 73 | 65 (89.0) | 8 (11.0) | 0.450 |
| Female | 62 | 52 (83.9) | 10 (16.1) | ||
| Tumor type | |||||
| Adeno | 127 | 111 (87.4) | 16 (12.6) | 1.000 | |
| Mucinous | 5 | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Tumor stage | |||||
| I | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | 0.220 | |
| II | 53 | 50 (94.3) | 3 (5.7) | ||
| III | 40 | 33 (82.5) | 7 (17.5) | ||
| IV | 30 | 26 (86.7) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Primary tumor | |||||
| Submucosa | 6 | 5 (83.3) | 1 (16.7) | 0.962 | |
| Muscularis propria | 14 | 12 (85.7) | 2 (14.3) | ||
| Subserosa | 97 | 86 (88.7) | 11 (11.3) | ||
| Penetrate the visceral | 14 | 12 (85.7) | 2 (14.3) | ||
| Regional lymph nodes | |||||
| No regional lymph node metastasis | 66 | 61 (92.4) | 5 (7.6) | 0.117 | |
| Metastasis in regional lymph nodes | 65 | 54 (83.1) | 11 (16.9) | ||
| Distant metastasis | |||||
| No distant metastasis | 95 | 83 (87.4) | 12 (12.6) | 1.000 | |
| Distant metastasis | 30 | 26 (86.7) | 4 (13.3) | ||
| Differentiation grade | |||||
| Well | 11 | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 0.507 | |
| Moderate | 112 | 99 (88.4) | 13 (11.6) | ||
| Poor | 8 | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | ||
| Vascular invasion | |||||
| No invasion | 4 | 4 (100.0) | 0 | 1.000 | |
| invasion | 100 | 89 (89.0) | 11 (11.0) | ||
| Location | |||||
| colon | 94 | 83 (88.3) | 11 (11.7) | 0.522 | |
| Rectal | 35 | 31 (88.6) | 4 (11.4) | ||
| both | 3 | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | ||
| MSI status | |||||
| MSS | 50 | 43 (86.0) | 7 (14.0) | 0.439 | |
| MSI-L | 5 | 4 (80.0) | 1 (20.0) | ||
| MSI-H | 9 | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
aFor some categories, the number of samples (n) was lower than the overall number analyzed because clinical data were unavailable for these samples.
bThe BEND5 gene was considered hypermethylated when the methylation level of the BEND5 gene relative to that of the β-actin gene was at least twofold higher in the colorectal tumor compared with the paired normal colorectal tissue sample.
cThese results were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test.