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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2017 Nov 26;196:197–203. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.042

Table 4.

Longitudinal analysis of the effects of women’s economic empowerment on IPV at Time 2 using Wave 1 to Wave 3 longitudinal models (model 2a1) and stacked longitudinal models (model 2b1), adjusting for male gender norms, with married couples in rural Maharashtra (n=760).

Model 2a2 Model 2b2
Beta SE p-value Beta SE p-value
Control of husband’s money (Husband’s control at both times- ref3)
  Joint control Time 1 and Husband’s control Time 2 0.03 0.57 0.96 0.49 0.43 0.25
  Husband’s sole control at Time 1 and Joint control at Time 2 only −1.25 0.49 0.01 −0.34 0.40 0.39
  Joint control at Time 1 and Time 2 −0.79 0.44 0.07 −0.46 0.37 0.19
Male Gender Equity Beliefs at Time 1 0.05 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.02 0.11
Male Attitudes Toward IPV at Time 1 0.02 0.24 0.94 0.48 0.16 <0.001
Bank account (no bank account at Time 1 or Time 2- ref)
  Bank account at Time 1 only −0.54 0.77 0.49 −0.14 0.42 0.74
  Bank account at Time 2 only −0.81 0.41 0.05 −0.53 0.31 0.09
  Bank account at Time 1 and Time 2 −0.41 0.42 0.33 −0.45 0.30 0.13
Male Gender Equity Beliefs at Time 1 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.01 0.05
Male Attitudes Toward IPV at Time 1 0.01 0.23 0.98 0.48 0.16 <0.001
#

The woman has own money she controls variable was not included in these longitudinal analyses as it was not associated with IPV in the cross-sectional bivariate analyses.

1

Note: For model 1a, Wave 1 and Wave 3 change scores will be indicated by Time 1 and Time 2, respectively. For model 1b, Wave 1 to Wave 2 will be indicated by Time 1 and Time 2, respectively, and Wave 2 to Wave 3 will also be indicated by Time 1 and Time 2, respectively.

2

All models are adjusted for wave 1 measures of women’s age, education, caste, marital duration, number of children, IPV at Time 1, and intervention group.

3

Women who reported other’s control of husband’s income, or those whose husbands did not work in either Wave were categorized as other. Results from these categories are not shown.