Figure 3.

Gene Expression Analysis of the LNP/mRNA Injection Sites and the Draining LNs

(A–E) Gene regulation at the LNP/mRNA vaccine injection sites and in the draining LNs relative to corresponding PBS controls at 24 hr. log₂ fold change (FC) represents log₂ (ratio of the mean expressions at vaccine and PBS sites) (n = 4/group). (A and B) Heatmaps of selected genes at the injection sites (A) and draining LNs (B) that are primarily involved in inflammation, migration, antigen uptake, and presentation. Examples of these genes are in the dashed boxes. (C) The number of selected genes with log₂ (FC) ≥ 2 exclusively or mutually expressed in i.m. and i.d. groups and involved in inflammation (orange), migration (blue), or antigen uptake and presentation (gray). Boxes show upregulated genes only in i.m. or i.d. group. (D and E) log₂ (FC) of specific genes of interest at the vaccine injection sites (D) and in the draining LNs (E) related to the indicated pathways. Gray asterisks are genes involved in IFN signaling, and black asterisks are IFN-inducible genes.