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. 2018 Jan 11;8:1974. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01974

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Copyright © 2018 Vida, Martínez de Toda, Garrido, Carro, Molina and De la Fuente.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Levels (pg/mL) of cytokines released after 4 h of culture in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (1 µg/mL) by peripheral whole blood cells of mild Alzheimer’s disease (mAD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, as well as of adult and elderly healthy subjects. Interleukin (IL)-6 (A), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (B), and IL-10 (C), as well as IL-10/TNF-α ratios (D). Data are shown as the mean (horizontal bar) of the values corresponding to the number of subjects analyzed in each group (20 adult, 18 elderly, 18 mAD, and 18 AD). Each value is the mean of duplicate assays. a: P < 0.05, aa: P < 0.01, and aaa: P < 0.001 with respect to the value in adult subjects; b: P < 0.05 and bb: P < 0.01 with respect to the value in elderly subjects; and c: P < 0.05 and cc: P < 0.01 with respect to the value in mAD patients.