Table 4.
Main and interaction effects of antenatal music training and maternal talk to fetus.a
| Source of variation | Degree of freedom | Sums of squares | Mean square | F-value | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensory | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 1.532 | 0.511 | 1.30 | 2.272 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 4.224 | 1.408 | 3.59 | 0.013 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk to fetus | 9 | 14.822 | 1.647 | 4.20 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 13,623.442 | 0.392 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 13,855.914 | |||
| Relating | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 0.417 | 0.139 | 0.22 | 0.882 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 16.102 | 5.367 | 8.52 | <0.0001 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk to fetus | 9 | 32.629 | 3.625 | 5.75 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 21,877.826 | 0.630 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 22,281.069 | |||
| Body and object use | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 4.671 | 1.557 | 2.03 | 0.108 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 4.216 | 1.405 | 1.83 | 0.139 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk To fetus | 9 | 56.338 | 6.260 | 8.15 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 26,666.373 | 0.768 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 27,014.687 | |||
| Language | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 2.404 | 0.801 | 1.48 | 0.218 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 13.139 | 4.380 | 8.08 | <0.0001 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk to fetus | 9 | 21.419 | 2.380 | 4.39 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 18,812.788 | 0.542 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 19,382.333 | |||
| Social and Self-help skills | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 1.936 | 0.645 | 0.87 | 0.456 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 10.300 | 3.433 | 4.63 | 0.003 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk to fetus | 9 | 59.701 | 6.633 | 8.94 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 25,763.865 | 0.742 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 26,366.647 | |||
| Total ABC score | |||||
| Antenatal music training | 3 | 3.223 | 1.074 | 0.67 | 0.573 |
| Maternal talk to fetus | 3 | 28.199 | 9.400 | 5.83 | 0.0006 |
| Antenatal music training × maternal talk to fetus | 9 | 172.158 | 19.129 | 11.87 | <0.0001 |
| Error | 34,721 | 55,967.490 | 1.612 | ||
| Total | 34,748 | 57,491.926 | |||
aAnalysis of covariance adjusted for family income, children’s sex and mother’s marital status, education level, age at birth of the study child, and gestational diseases. ABC, autism behavior checklist.