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. 2018 Jan 15;8:773. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19052-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Type 2 A collagen (COL2A1) secretion was diminished by PERK inhibition, whereas intercellular COL2A1 expression was increased. (A) Representative immunoblots of phosphorylated eIF2α, cellular COL2A1 and ACTB in mouse primary chondrocyte treated with 2 μM PERK inhibitor for the indicated times. The protein levels were normalised to those of ACTB. Data are presented as the mean fold change ± SD compared to that in untreated cells (n = 4 technical replicates, **P < 0.01, NS = not significant). (B) Representative images of immunostaining for COL2A1 and KDEL (ER localization marker) in mouse primary chondrocytes treated with 2 μM PERK inhibitor for the indicated times. Relative fluorescence intensity was quantified in comparison to that of untreated cells and each group data consisted of images of 10 cells (n = 10 technical replicates, *P < 0.05). Scale bar, 200 μm. (C) Representative immunoblots of PERK, ACTB, phosphorylated eIF2α and secreted and cellular COL2A1 in collagen-secreting rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) cells stably expressing Cas9 and mock gRNA or three Perk-specific gRNAs. Data are presented as the mean fold change ± SD compared to that in mock gRNA-expressing cells (n = 4 technical replicates, **P < 0.01). (D) Quantitative assessment of secreted COL2A1 in collagen-secreting RCS cells stably expressing Cas9 and mock gRNA or three Perk-specific gRNAs. Values were normalised by the total protein amount of the cells and shown as the mean ± SD (n = 4 technical replicates, *P < 0.05). (E) Quantitative assessment of secreted COL2A1 in primary chondrocytes derived from wild-type or Perk^−/− mice at 18.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Values were normalised by the total protein amount of the cells and shown as the mean ± SD (n = 5 technical replicates, *P < 0.05).