Fig. 5.

Diversification of beetles across the geological timescale. a Timing of the 15 significant changes in net diversification rate identified by MEDUSA. The dashed line denotes the background net diversification rate of Coleoptera. b Origin times and the species richness of beetle families. We used stem age as the origin time for a family when only one species is sampled for the family or when the taxon sampling did not cover the crown of the family. For non-monophyletic families, the stem age of the oldest lineage of the family was used. The nine largest families with species numbers >10,000 are highlighted with family names and feeding habits. For the Buprestidae (marked with an asterisk), we performed an additional time estimation, adding the Schizopodidae sequences from McKenna et al.¹⁶ to calculate the stem age of this family. c Number of divergence events within every 20 million year interval calculated from the 383-taxon time tree. Note that the diversification rate of beetles experienced an upsurge beginning from the late Jurassic (marked with a red line). d Number of divergence events within every 20 million year interval calculated from the family-level time tree. A similar diversification upsurge pattern was also detected in the late Jurassic