Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Sample.
| Maternal Characteristics | Data Available(N) | Mean(SDa)/N(%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age at Delivery (years) | 88 | 31.5 (4.9) |
| Education, Tertiary | 88 | 57 (64.8%) |
| Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 88 | 24.0 (4.2) |
| Any Diabetic or Hypertensive Disorder in Pregnancy (type 1 or gestational diabetes, chronic or gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia), Yes | 88 | 15 (17.0%) |
| History of Physician-Diagnosed Mental Disorders Before Pregnancy, Yes | 80 | 13 (16.3%) |
| Depressive Symptoms | ||
| Trimester-Weighted Mean Score of Center for Epidemiological Studies | 86 | 10.3 (6.0) |
| Depression Scale Depressive Symptoms during Pregnancy | ||
| Trimester-Weighted Mean Score of Center for Epidemiological Studies | 86 | 14 (16.3%) |
| Depression Scale Depressive Symptoms during Pregnancy ≥ 16 | ||
| 1st Pregnancy Trimester Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression | 81 | 10.2 (6.7) |
| Scale Depressive Symptom Score | ||
| Mean of 2nd Pregnancy Trimester Center for Epidemiological Studies | 86 | 10.4 (6.5) |
| Depression Scale Depressive Symptom Scores | ||
| Mean of 3rd Pregnancy Trimester Center for Epidemiological Studies | 86 | 10.3 (6.6) |
| Depression Scale Depressive Symptom Scores | ||
| Number of Pregnancy Trimesters with Center for Epidemiological Studies | 81 | |
| 0 | 53 (65.4%) | |
| 1 | 16 (19.8%) | |
| 2–3 | 12 (14.8%) | |
| Beck Depression Inventory-II Score Concurrently to Rating the Child | 60 | 5.9 (5.5) |
| Placental Morphology | ||
| Volume of SMAb-Positive Villi per Placenta (ml) | 88 | 95.1 (50.9) |
| Volume of Capillaries per SMA-Positive Villi per Placenta (ml) | 88 | 56.0 (35.6) |
| Volume of SMAb-Negative Villi per Placenta (ml) | 88 | 182.7 (63.9) |
| Volume of Capillaries per SMAb-Negative Villi per Placenta (ml) | 88 | 157.5 (51.8) |
| Ratio of the Distribution of SMAb-Positive Villi to SMA-Negative Villi (%) | 88 | 63.7 (56.8) |
| Villous Barrier Thickness of SMAb-Positive Villi (µm) | 88 | 7.5 (1.7) |
| Standard Deviation of Villous Barrier Thickness of SMAb-Positive Villi (Variability in Thickness) (µm) | 88 | 6.3 (2.3) |
| Villous Barrier Thickness of SMAb-Negative Villi (µm) | 88 | 11.9 (4.6) |
| Standard Deviation of Villous Barrier Thickness of SMAb-Negative Villi (µm) | 88 | 10.2 (5.5) |
| Placental Weight (grams) | 88 | 589.7 (107.4) |
| Toddler Characteristics | ||
| Gestation Length (weeks) | 88 | 40.3 (1.0) |
| Sex | 88 | |
| Boys | 41 (46.6%) | |
| Girls | 47 (53.4%) | |
| Age at Follow-up (months) | 60 | 25.5 (2.9) |
| Child Behavior Checklist/1½-5 Psychiatric Problems | ||
| Total Problems | 60 | 46.8 (9.2) |
| Internalizing Problems | 60 | 45.4 (8.5) |
| Externalizing Problems | 60 | 48.6 (9.4) |
aSMA = γ-smooth muscle actin. bSD = standard deviation.