. 2018 Jan 15;8:791. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19133-9

Table 3.

Maternal Trimester-Specific Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Placental Morphology.

Depressive Symptoms during	1^st Pregnancy Trimester (n = 81)		2^nd Pregnancy Trimester (n = 86)		3^rd Pregnancy Trimester (n = 86)
Placental Criteria	B(95% CI)	p	B(95% CI)	p	B(95% CI)	p
Volume of SMA-positive villi per placenta
Model 1	0.01(−0.22; 0.23)	0.97	0.05(−0.16; 0.26)	0.61	0.12(−0.09; 0.33)	0.27
Model 2	0.06(−0.18; 0.31)	0.61	0.10(−0.11; 0.32)	0.33	0.14(−0.07; 0.36)	0.19
Model 3	0.07(−0.18; 0.32)	0.59	0.10 (−0.12; 0.32)	0.37	0.15 (−0.08; 0.38)	0.21
Volume of capillaries per SMA-positive villi per placenta
Model 1	0.00(−0.23; 0.23)	0.99	0.04(−0.17; 0.25)	0.68	0.11(−0.11; 0.32)	0.33
Model 2	0.07(−0.17; 0.32)	0.55	0.09(−0.13; 0.30)	0.43	0.12(−0.10; 0.34)	0.27
Model 3	0.09(−0.17; 0.34)	0.49	0.09(−0.14; 0.32)	0.43	0.14(−0.10; 0.37)	0.25
Volume of SMA-negative villi per placenta
Model 1	0.05(−0.19; 0.29)	0.70	−0.07(−0.29; 0.14)	0.48	−0.16(−0.37; 0.06)	0.15
Model 2	−0.01(−0.26; 0.25)	0.97	−0.05(−0.27; 0.17)	0.66	−0.13(−0.35; 0.09)	0.23
Model 3	0.01(−0.26; 0.28)	0.94	0.02(−0.25; 0.21)	0.86	−0.11(−0.35; 0.13)	0.36
Volume of capillaries per SMA-negative villi per placenta
Model 1	−0.02(−0.22; 0.26)	0.88	−0.12(−0.33; 0.09)	0.27	−0.18(−0.40; 0.03)	0.09
Model 2	−0.07(−0.32; 0.18)	0.59	−0.08(−0.29; 0.13)	0.46	−0.15(−0.36; 0.07)	0.17
Model 3	−0.06(−0.32; 0.20)	0.66	−0.06(−0.28; 0.17)	0.61	−0.13(−0.37; 0.10)	0.26
Ratio of the distribution of stem villi to SMA-negative villi
Model 1	0.01(−0.23; 0.25)	0.92	0.11(−0.10; 0.32)	0.30	0.20(−0.01; 0.41)	0.07
Model 2	0.09(−0.16; 0.35)	0.47	0.14(−0.07; 0.36)	0.19	0.21(−0.01; 0.42)	0.06
Model 3	0.09(−0.17; 0.36)	0.48	0.14(−0.09; 0.36)	0.23	0.22(−0.02; 0.45)	0.07
Villous barrier thickness of SMA-positive villi
Model 1	−0.09(−0.33; 0.15)	0.45	−0.06(−0.27; 0.15)	0.58	−0.14(−0.35; 0.08)	0.20
Model 2	−0.13(−0.39; 0.13)	0.33	−0.07(−0.29; 0.15)	0.52	−0.15(−0.38; 0.07)	0.18
Model 3	−0.08(−0.34; 0.18)	0.55	−0.03(−0.25; 0.20)	0.82	−0.10(−0.34; 0.14)	0.40
Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA-positive villi (variability in thickness)
Model 1	−0.06(−0.30; 0.19)	0.65	−0.07(−0.28; 0.14)	0.49	−0.10(−0.32; 0.11)	0.34
Model 2	−0.06(−0.32; 0.21)	0.67	−0.07(−0.29; 0.16)	0.56	−0.10(−0.33; 0.13)	0.38
Model 3	−0.04(−0.32; 0.23)	0.76	−0.06(−0.29; 0.18)	0.63	−0.10(−0.34; 0.15)	0.45
Villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi
Model 1	−0.16(−0.40; 0.08)	0.18	−0.16(−0.36; 0.04)	0.12	−0.17(−0.38; 0.04)	0.11
Model 2	−0.25(−0.50; 0.00)	0.052	−0.19(−0.40; 0.03)	0.08	−0.19(−0.40; 0.02)	0.08
Model 3	−0.19(−0.44; 0.06)	0.14	−0.12(−0.34; 0.09)	0.26	−0.11(−0.34; 0.12)	0.35
Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi (variability in thickness)
Model 1	−0.24(−0.48; −0.01)	0.04	−0.20(−0.40; 0.01)	0.06	−0.22(−0.43; −0.01)	0.04
Model 2	−0.33(−0.58; −0.08)	0.01	−0.23(−0.44; −0.01)	0.05	−0.23(−0.45; −0.01)	0.04
Model 3	−0.27(−0.53; −0.02)	0.04	−0.15(−0.37; 0.07)	0.18	−0.14(−0.37; 0.10)	0.24

SMA = γ-smooth muscle actin.

Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) from linear regression models, indicating standard deviation unit increase in placental morphology criteria per one standard deviation increase in mean maternal depressive symptoms during each pregnancy trimester.

Regression Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for maternal age and education level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, hypertensive and diabetic disorders in pregnancy and gestation length. Model 3 is adjusted for Model 2 covariates and maternal history of mental disorders before pregnancy.