Table 4.

Placental Morphology and Toddler Psychiatric Problems. Unstandardized regression coefficients (B) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) indicating standard deviation unit increase in toddler psychiatric problems per standard deviation increase in placental morphology criteria from linear regression models where placental morphology criteria were used to predict toddler psychiatric problems.

Toddler Psychiatric Problem Scale	Total Problems		Internalizing Problems		Externalizing Problems
Placental Morphology Structure	B(95% CI)	p	B(95% CI)	p	B(95% CI)	p
Volume of SMA-positive villi per placenta
Model 1	0.02(−0.23; 0.27)	0.88	−0.03(−0.27; 0.19)	0.77	−0.05(−0.31; 0.21)	0.70
Model 2	−0.00(−0.27; 0.27)	0.98	−0.05(−0.29; 0.19)	0.69	−0.08(−0.36; 0.20)	0.58
Model 3	−0.04(−0.20; 0.27)	0.76	−0.02(−0.23; 0.20)	0.88	−0.04(−0.29; 0.22)	0.78
Volume of capillaries per SMA-positive villi per placenta
Model 1	0.02(−0.23; 0.27)	0.90	−0.03(−0.25; 0.20)	0.81	−0.05(−0.31; 0.21)	0.68
Model 2	−0.02(−0.29; 0.25)	0.87	−0.07(−0.30; 0.17)	0.59	−0.08(−0.36; 0.20)	0.58
Model 3	−0.01(−0.25; 0.23)	0.92	−0.05(−0.27; 0.16)	0.63	−0.08(−0.33; 0.17)	0.54
Volume of SMA-negative villi per placenta
Model 1	−0.05(−0.32; 0.23)	0.72	0.04(−0.21; 0.29)	0.75	−0.11(−0.39; 0.18)	0.46
Model 2	−0.12(−0.44; 0.19)	0.44	−0.02(−0.30; 0.26)	0.88	−0.20(−0.52; 0.13)	0.22
Model 3	0.05(−0.22; 0.32)	0.71	0.13(−0.11; 0.37)	0.28	−0.03(−0.31; 0.26)	0.84
Volume of capillaries per SMA-negative villi per placenta
Model 1	−0.09(−0.35; 0.18)	0.51	−0.00(−0.24; 0.24)	0.99	−0.12(−0.40; 0.15)	0.36
Model 2	−0.20(−0.51; 0.11)	0.21	−0.09(−0.37; 0.19)	0.51	−0.25(−0.57; 0.07)	0.13
Model 3	0.00(−0.26; 0.25)	0.98	0.08(−0.15; 0.31)	0.49	−0.06(−0.33; 0.21)	0.67
Ratio of the distribution of SMA-positive villi to SMA-negative villi
Model 1	0.02(−0.23; 0.27)	0.88	−0.07(−0.30; 0.16)	0.54	0.00(−0.26; 0.26)	0.99
Model 2	0.03(−0.25; 0.31)	0.82	−0.06(−0.30; 0.19)	0.64	0.01 (−0.27; 0.30)	0.92
Model 3	0.01(−0.23; 0.25)	0.92	−0.08(−0.29; 0.14)	0.48	−0.00(−0.26; 0.25)	0.97
Villous barrier thickness of SMA-positive villi
Model 1	−0.08(−0.36; 0.21)	0.60	−0.12(−0.37; 0.14)	0.36	0.02(−0.27; 0.31)	0.89
Model 2	−0.11(−0.44; 0.21)	0.48	−0.19(−0.47; 0.09)	0.18	0.01(−0.33; 0.35)	0.95
Model 3	0.02(−0.26; 0.29)	0.91	−0.04(−0.29; 0.21)	0.75	0.10(−0.19; 0.39)	0.49
Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA positive villi (variability in thickness)
Model 1	−0.02(−0.28; 0.23)	0.86	0.02(−0.21; 0.25)	0.87	−0.05(−0.31; 0.21)	0.70
Model 2	−0.05(−0.32; 0.22)	0.71	−0.01(−0.25; 0.23)	0.93	−0.07(−0.35; 0.21)	0.62
Model 3	0.06(−0.19; 0.31)	0.63	0.09(−0.13; 0.31)	0.40	0.02(−0.24; 0.27)	0.91
Villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi
Model 1	−0.14(−0.42; 0.13)	0.31	−0.18(−0.42; 0.07)	0.16	−0.00(−0.29; 0.28)	0.98
Model 2	−0.16(−0.45; 0.12)	0.26	−0.20(−0.45; 0.05)	0.12	−0.01(−0.31; 0.29)	0.93
Model 3	−0.08(−0.34; 0.19)	0.56	−0.12(−0.36; 0.12)	0.31	0.05(−0.23; 0.33)	0.71
Standard deviation of villous barrier thickness of SMA-negative villi (variability in thickness)
Model 1	−0.34(−0.60; −0.07)	0.01	−0.32(−0.56; −0.08)	0.01	−0.20(−0.48; 0.09)	0.17
Model 2	−0.35(−0.63; −0.07)	0.01	−0.34(−0.59; −0.10)	0.01	−0.21(−0.51; 0.09)	0.16
Model 3	−0.29(−0.54; −0.03)	0.03	−0.28(−0.51; −0.05)	0.02	−0.15(−0.43; 0.13)	0.28

SMA = γ-smooth muscle actin.

Model 1 is unadjusted. Model 2 is adjusted for toddler’s age and sex, gestation length, maternal age at childbirth, education, pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal diabetic and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Model 3 is adjusted for maternal depressive symptoms concurrently to assessing her child’s psychiatric problems.