Figure 3.

Analysis of distribution of FTs on adult individuals of Calumma species groups. (A) Schematic chameleon phylogeny of Tolley et al.²⁷ updated with genus Palleon, light blue lines indicate genera where fluorescence occurs (* indicates genus where no data was available). (B) Mean value of fluorescent tubercles (FTs) per head side and species, males plotted against females of 126 individuals/24 species assigned to four species groups; dashed diagonal line shows 1:1 ratio, samples below it show more tubercles in males than females. (C,D) PCA scatter plots assigned to four species groups, factor loadings are given in Supplementary Tables S2, 3; (C) Distribution of FTs per head side based on 12 characters (Supplementary Table S4) of 140 individuals/29 species. (D) Number of FTs per cranial bone from lateral view of 25 adult males of different Calumma species based on 6 characters (Supplementary Table S5). (E) Bar charts of number of FTs per cranial bone (M, maxilla; PRF, prefrontal; Flat, frontal seen laterally; POF, postorbitofrontal; JU, jugal; SQ, squamosal; see Fig. 1D) from lateral view of 25 adult males of different Calumma species.