Table 2.b.
Baseline Distributions of Demographics and SDOCT Variables, with Contingency Proportions and Univariate Associations with 5-Year Progression to New Onset of GA on Color Fundus Photography in Study B.
| Eyes at risk | Progression to any GA b,f | Univariate Associations g | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
|
|
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| N=265 a | Yes (n=70 eyes) | No (n=195 eyes) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Demographics b | |||||
|
| |||||
| Female % (n) | 61.9% (164) | 58.6% (41) | 63.1% (123) | 0.81 (0.46–1.43) | 0.47 |
| Smoking history % (n) | 53.2% (141) | 54.3% (38) | 52.8% (103) | 1.30 (0.75–2.27) | 0.35 |
| Age (years) mean ± SD (n) | 73.4 ± 7.6 (265) | 76.2 ± 7.2 | 73.1 ± 7.6 | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) | 0.001 |
| Qualitative SDOCT variables b,12 % (n) | |||||
|
| |||||
| RPE layer Atrophy or absence c | 15.1% (40) | 37.1% (26) | 7.2% (14) | 12.07 (5.90–24.73) | <0.001 |
| Hyperreflective Foci 19 | 57.4% (152) | 85.7% (60) | 47.2% (92) | 5.72 (2.75–11.90) | <0.001 |
| OCT-reflective Drusen Substructures 14 | 21.5% (57) | 34.3% (24) | 16.9% (33) | 3.54 (1.91–6.57) | <0.001 |
| Photoreceptor Layer thinning without underlying RPE changes 43 | 7.2% (19) | 14.3% (10) | 4.6% (9) | 3.84 (1.65–8.98) | 0.002 |
| Outer Segment Loss without underlying RPE changes | 6.4% (17) | 12.9% (9) | 4.1% (8) | 4.47 (1.83–10.89) | 0.001 |
| Atypical Drusen with Low Reflectivity | 40.0% (106) | 54.3% (38) | 34.9% (68) | 2.12 (1.21–3.70) | 0.008 |
| Atypical Drusen with High Reflectivity | 60.4% (160) | 70.0% (49) | 56.9% (111) | 1.91 (1.05–3.46) | 0.03 |
| Intraretinal Fluid or cystoid changes | 11.7% (31) | 17.1% (12) | 9.7% (19) | 2.16 (0.99–4.67) | 0.05 |
| Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits (SDD) | 50.6% (134) | 57.1% (40) | 48.2% (94) | 1.52 (0.88–2.66) | 0.14 |
| Photoreceptor Layer thinning over Drusen 43 | 96.6% (256) | 98.6% (69) | 95.9% (187) | 3.57 (0.49–26.27) | 0.21 |
| Subretinal Fluid | 5.7% (15) | 4.3% (3) | 6.2% (12) | 0.63 (0.15–2.58) | 0.52 |
| Subretinal Hyperreflective Material 32 | 6.8% (18) | 7.1% (5) | 6.7% (13) | 0.84 (0.31–2.31) | 0.74 |
| Vitreomacular Adhesion or Epiretinal Membrane | 52.8% (140) | 58.6% (41) | 50.8% (99) | 1.03 (0.59–1.80) | 0.91 |
| Quantitative SDOCT variables d,20,21,33 mean ± SD (n) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Choroidal Thickness (μm) e | 271 ± 61 (241) | 255 ± 55 (65) | 277 ± 62 (176) | 0.47 (0.27–0.81) | 0.007 |
| Choroidal Thickness by SDD | 0.16 | ||||
| Choroidal Thickness (μm) in absence of SDD | 277 ± 57 (118) | 247 ± 34 (28) | 287 ± 60 (90) | 0.44 (0.26–0.74) | 0.002 |
| Choroidal Thickness (μm) in presence of SDD | 265 ± 64 (123) | 261 ± 66 (37) | 267 ± 63 (86) | 0.52 (0.29–0.93) | 0.03 |
| RPEDC Abnormal Thinning (RAT) volume (10−3 mm3) | 0.42 ± 0.88 (218) | 0.92 ± 1.46 (60) | 0.23 ± 0.36 (158) | 2.04 (1.14–3.67) | 0.02 |
| RPE Drusen Complex (RPEDC) volume (10−1 mm3) | 6.8 ± 2.1 (218) | 7.0 ± 2.1 (60) | 6.7 ± 2.1 (158) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.09 |
| Neurosensory Retina (NSR) volume (mm3) | 5.3 ± 0.4 (218) | 5.2 ± 0.4 (60) | 5.3 ± 0.4 (158) | 0.60 (0.28–1.31) | 0.20 |
| OCT Drusen volume (10−1 mm3) | 0.79 ± 1.64 (218) | 0.96 ± 1.61 (60) | 0.73 ± 1.66 (158) | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 0.21 |
SDOCT = spectral domain optical coherence tomography, GA = geographic atrophy, SD = standard deviation, RPE = retinal pigment epithelium, SDD = subretinal drusenoid deposits, OR = odds ratio.
One eye per participant.
Binary variables are reported as percentage (count); contingency proportions are reported within outcome (progression or no progression). Variables are listed in order of decreasing significance.
RPE layer Atrophy or absence is different from the presence of complete OCT-GA, which necessitates the additional findings of overlying loss in photoreceptor layer and increased signal in underlying choroid. 12,22
Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± SD (number of valid measurements).
Choroidal Thickness was adjusted for age, gender and estimated axial length.
Contingency proportions are reported for the outcome of progression on at least one follow-up visit, without the repeated measures from each eye.
From repeated measures over 5 years, univariate logistic regressions associations are reported. The odds ratio (OR) corresponds to the increase in odds after 5 years of follow-up associated with either (1) presence of the qualitative variable, or (2) every 1 unit increase in the continuous (quantitative) variable, except for Age (OR per 5 years of age) and Choroidal thickness (OR per 100 μm). Chi-square p-value of 0.05 constituted the significance level.