Table 4.

Survival results after surgery alone in reference centers

Study, country	Period	Setup	No. of patients	Node dissection	5-yr OS rates
Cunningham et al[17] United Kingdom	1994-2002	MC RCT	503	D2 in 40% S/42% NAC	NAC + S 36.3% Surgery alone 23%
Ychou et al[18] France	1995-2003	MC RCT	224	No data on type of LND	NAC + S 38% Surgery alone 24%
Maruyama et al[48] Japan	1991-2009	MC Retr	11261	D2	AJCC Stage II 73.1% AJCC stage III 44.5%
Wu et al[53] Taiwan	1993-1999	MC RCT	110/111	D1 vs D3	D1 53.6%/ D3 59.5%
Kim et al[49] South Korea	2009-2011	MC Retr	1561	D2	AJCC Stage II 86.5% AJCC Stage III 63.7%
Siewert et al[50] Germany	1986-1989	MC Prosp	1096	D2	46.60%
Sue-Ling et al[51] United Kingdom	1970-1989	SI Prosp	207	D2	55%
Viste et al[54] Norway	1980-1990	SI Retr	105	D2	47%
Robertson et al[55] Hong Kong	1987-1991	SI RCT	25/30	D1 vs D2	D1 45%/D2 35%
Dent et al[56] South Africa	1982-1985	SS RCT	22/21	D1 vs D2	D1 69%/D2 67%
Bonenkamp et al[57] The Netherlands	1989-1993	MC RCT	380/331	D1 vs D2	D1/D2: 45%/47% D2, pT2: 44% D2, pT3: 22% D2, LN-/LN+: 69%/30%
Degiuli et al[13] Italy	1998-2006	MC RCT	133/134	D1 vs D2	D1 /D2: 66.5%/64.2% D2 pT2-T4: 59% D2 pT2-pT4 N+: 51%

MC: Multicenter; RCT: Randomized control trial; Retr: Retrospective study; NAC: Neoadjuvant chemoterapy; S: Surgery; Prosp: Prospective study; SI: Single institution; SS: Single surgeon; LND: Lymph node dissection; OS: Overall survival; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; LN+: Lymph node positive; LN-: Lymph node negative; D1: D1 lymph node dissection; D2: D2 lymph node dissection; D3: D3 lymph node dissection; NR: Not reported; pT2: Pathological TNM T2 stage; pT3: Pathological TNM T3 stage.