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. 2016 Nov 24;3:20–36. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.11.005

Table 1.

Percent distribution of all variables for those aged 50 and older in China, 2010–2012.

Total Female Male P-Value
Well-being
 T1 Depression (mean; s.d.)a 1.51(0.69) 1.58(0.74) 1.45(0.63) 0.000
 T1 Life Satisfaction (mean; s.d.)a 3.58(1.04) 3.60(1.03) 3.57(1.04) 0.276
 T1 Self-rated Health (mean; s.d.)a 3.90(1.12) 3.77(1.16) 4.02(1.07) 0.000
 T2 Depression (mean; s.d.)a 1.68(0.44) 1.75(0.46) 1.61(0.40) 0.000
 T2 Life Satisfaction (mean; s.d.)a 3.44(1.07) 3.45(1.08) 3.43(1.05) 0.331
 T2 Self-rated Health (mean; s.d.)a 2.37(1.14) 2.25(1.14) 2.48(1.13) 0.000


 

 

 

 


Marital Status
Continuity
 Married at both timesb 82.85 77.90 87.69 0.000
 Cohabiting at both timesb 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.966
 Never Married at both timesb 0.90 0.07 1.71 0.000
 Divorced at both timesb 1.17 1.12 1.23 0.671
 Widowed at both timesb 12.33 17.75 7.03 0.000


 

 

 

 


Change
 Married -> Divorcedb 0.13 0.01 0.26 0.105
 Married -> Widowedb 2.28 2.94 1.64 0.000
 Not in union ->In unionb* 0.27 0.13 0.41 0.144


 

 

 

 


Availability of children (T1)
Number of children (mean; s.d.)a 2.55(1.39) 2.65(1.42) 2.45(1.34) 0.000
Living with at least one childb 46.34 47.45 45.26 0.017
Had no child living nearbyb 26.17 25.70 26.63 0.766


 

 

 

 


Demographic and SES variables (T1)
Age (mean; s.d.)a 61.30(8.59) 61.32(8.61) 61.3 (8.60) 0.777
Femaleb 49.47 – –
Urban residenceb 44.33 45.48 43.22 0.000
Years of schooling (mean; s.d.)a 4.24(4.68) 3.02(4.33) 5.44(4.70) 0.000
Logarithm of saving (mean; s.d.)a 6.11(3.82) 5.02(3.95) 7.18(3.37) 0.000
Total 99.93 99.92 99.93
N (Unweighted) 9831 4842 4989
  • 1)
    For each of the indicators, we use two-tailed T-testsa to test the gender differences of the means of each variable. We employ Chi-square testsb to compare gender differences of each categorical variable.
  • 2)
    Percentages are calculated using weighted data. Unweighted Ns are shown to indicate the true sample sizes.