Table 3.

Estimation results of Maximum-difference model.

	Total			Shanghai			Taiwan
	Coefficient	St. dev.	p value	Coefficient	St. dev.	p value	Coefficient	St. dev.	p value
Lung cancer	4.41	0.089	< 0.001	4.49	0.1018	< 0.001	4.83	0.1070	< 0.001
Cardiovascular	3.44	0.089	< 0.001	3.25	0.1007	< 0.001	3.95	0.1037	< 0.001
Reduced life expectancy	2.79	0.080	< 0.001	2.95	0.0920	< 0.001	2.81	0.0918	< 0.001
COPD	2.95	0.087	< 0.001	2.63	0.0983	< 0.001	3.44	0.1000	< 0.001
Skin problems	0.73	0.076	< 0.001	0.64	0.0802	< 0.001	0.89	0.0920	< 0.001
Reduction of physical capacity	1.72	0.082	< 0.001	1.42	0.0905	< 0.001	2.11	0.0987	< 0.001
Oral and dental problems	0.85	0.077	< 0.001	0.48	0.0845	< 0.001	1.31	0.0962	< 0.001
Sexual dysfunction	1.94	0.079	< 0.001	1.58	0.0890	< 0.001	2.29	0.0966	< 0.001
Addiction	1.04	0.077	< 0.001	0.62	0.0873	< 0.001	1.39	0.0927	< 0.001
Inhalation of chemicals	1.73	0.078	< 0.001	0.94	0.0872	< 0.001	2.63	0.0991	< 0.001
Disturbance of non-smokers	1.18	0.072	< 0.001	0.43	0.0849	< 0.001	1.97	0.0844	< 0.001
High expenditures	-0.51	0.079	< 0.001	-0.65	0.0899	< 0.001	-0.27	0.0882	0.002
Weight gain after cessation	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
n	480			240			240
Log-likelihood	-6537.69			-4991.51			-4837.64
Akaike Information Crit.	6549.69			5003.51			4849.64