Table 2.
Associated factors to anxiety/depressive symptoms (PHQ-4 of 6 or greater) among women N = 1189 and men N = 1253.
| Women |
Men |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||
| N | OR [95% CI] | ORa [95% CI] | N | OR [95% CI] | ORa [95% CI] | |
| Pre- and post-migration related stressors | ||||||
| Reasons for coming to France | ||||||
| Being threatened in their country | 168 | 3.6***[2.1,6.1] | 2.2*[1.1,4.3] | 231 | 2.9**[1.5,5.6] | 1.5 [0.8,2.8] |
| Medical reasons | 83 | 2.5***[1.5,4.1] | 2.3**[1.2,4.2] | 72 | 2.2 [0.9,5.3] | 1.2 [0.5,3.2] |
| Take a chance/find a job | 356 | 1.4 [0.9,2.1] | 1.1 [0.7,1.8] | 587 | 1.5 [0.9,2.4] | 1.1 [0.6,1.8] |
| Study reasons | 99 | 1.2 [0.6,2.3] | 1.3 [0.6,3.0] | 202 | 0.5 [0.2,1.2] | 0.6 [0.3,1.4] |
| Family reunion | 483 | Ref. | Ref. | 161 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Legal status in France | ||||||
| No residence permit | 177 | 2.6***[1.5,4.5] | 1.1 [0.5,2.1] | 293 | 5.0**[3.2,7.8] | 1.9*[1.0,3.4] |
| Temporary residence permit including 1 or 3 years | 435 | 1.4 [0.9,2.3] | 0.6 [0.4,1.2] | 445 | 2.4**[1.5,3.8] | 1.2 [0.8,1.9] |
| Long residence permit and French-Nationals | 577 | Ref. | Ref. | 515 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Transnational social ties | ||||||
| A child less than 18 years old not in France (Ref. No) | 224 | 1.9**[1.2,2.8] | 1.0 [0.6,1.6] | 455 | 1.8**[1.2,2.7] | 1.3 [0.9,1.9] |
| Someone close in times of hardship | ||||||
| Both in the host and in the country of origin | 733 | 0.4***[0.2,0.6] | 0.5*[0.3,1.0] | 231 | 0.3***[0.2,0.5] | 0.5**[0.3,0.8] |
| Only in host country | 220 | 0.5*[0.3,0.9] | 0.7 [0.4,1.2] | 587 | 0.6 [0.4,1.1] | 1.0 [0.6,1.7] |
| Only in the country of origin | 105 | 1.2 [0.6,2.8] | 1.3 [0.5,3.0] | 161 | 1.2 [0.6,2.2] | 1.0 [0.6,1.9] |
| None | 130 | Ref. | Ref. | 202 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Potential confounders | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| 18–34 | 367 | 1.8*[1.1,2.8] | 1.5 [0.9,2.3] | 345 | 2.6**[1.7,4.1] | 1.0 [0.6,1.9] |
| 35–44 | 468 | 1.4 [0.9,2.2] | 1.3 [0.8,2.1] | 426 | 2.3**[1.4,3.7] | 1.4 [0.8,2.3] |
| 45–59 | 354 | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 482 | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] |
| 7 years and more since arrival in France (Ref. No) | 751 | 0.5***[0.3,0.7] | 0.7 [0.5,1.1] | 789 | 0.3***[0.2,0.5] | 0.7 [0.4,1.2] |
| Secondary and higher educational level | 953 | 1.1 [0.7,1.6] | 1.0 [0.7,1.5] | 912 | 0.9 [0.5,1.7] | 1.1 [0.6,2.0] |
| Occupational status | ||||||
| Elementary occupation | 471 | 1.6*[1.1,2.5] | 1.6*[1.1,2.5] | 570 | 1.8*[1.1,2.9] | 1.2 [0.7,2.1] |
| intermediary/superior occupation | 214 | Ref. | Ref. | 304 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Without occupation | 431 | 4.3***[2.6,7.0] | 3.4***[2.0,5.9] | 330 | 4.1***[2.5,6.8] | 1.9*[1.0,3.4] |
| Student | 73 | 2.7*[1.0,7.1] | 2.5 [1.0,6.7] | 49 | 1.6 [0.6,4.2] | 1.4 [0.5,3.9] |
| In a stable partnership (Ref. No) | 457 | 0.5**[0.3,0.7] | 0.8 [0.6,1.2] | 468 | 0.5**[0.3,0.6] | 0.8 [0.6,1.3] |
| Regular religious practice (ref. No) | 775 | 1.0 [0.6,1.6] | 0.9 [0.6,1.4] | 786 | 0.7*[0.5,0.9] | 0.7 [0.5,1.0] |
| Experience of forced sex (ref. No) | 313 | 2.1**[1.4,3.1] | 1.5*[1.0,2.2] | 45 | 4.8**[2.2,10.6] | 2.6*[1.1,6.2] |
| Experience of homelessness | 78 | 3.8**[2.0,7.3] | 2.3**[1.3,4.3] | 144 | 5.1**[3.0,8.8] | 2.5**[1.4,4.5] |
| Groups | ||||||
| Primary care | 405 | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 351 | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] | 1.0 [1.0,1.0] |
| HIV | 568 | 1.4 [0.9,2.3] | 1.4 [0.8,2.5] | 349 | 1.1 [0.7,1.9] | 1.2 [0.7,2.1] |
| CHB | 216 | 0.9 [0.5,1.4] | 0.7 [0.4,1.3] | 553 | 1.2 [0.7,1.9] | 1.3 [0.8,2.0] |
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.01. OR: Odds Ratio. aOR: adjusted Odds Ratio. CI: Confidence Interval.