Fig. 1.

Two views of depression at the census tract level in Washington Heights, New York (Bremner et al., 2003). Panel (a) shows levels of clinically diagnosed depression. Panel (b) shows the prevalence of depression diagnosed as having a score ≥ 10 on the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). In many census tracts with high levels of clinically diagnosed depression, the actual prevalence of depression, as measured by PHQ-9, is low. Tracts with greater prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression also have highest mean levels of educational attainment, income, and access to health care in this neighborhood. 1. Color intensity in map increases with prevalence; greyed out tracts indicate tracts with no data. 2. PHQ-9 depression prevalence has been adjusted to account for the instrument sensitivity.