Table 1.
Distribution of socioeconomic factors, other demographic characteristics, health utilization measures, general health measures, and exposure to health risks overall and stratified by presence of undiagnosed depression status, Washington Heights Community Survey, New York, 2015.
| Measure | Total | Has undiagnosed depression |
|---|---|---|
| n (weighted %) | n (weighted %) | |
| Undiagnosed depression | 180 (7.6) | -- |
| Diagnosed depression | 273 (8.0) | -- |
| PHQ-9 depression | 313 (11.6) | -- |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Employment status | ||
| Employed at work | 1001 (45.6) | 54 (6.2) |
| Employed, not at work | 26 (1.0) | 3 (10.8) |
| Not in labor force | 1128 (36.0) | 84 (7.1) |
| Unemployed | 298 (17.4) | 36 (11.3) |
| Receipt of food assistance | ||
| No | 1568 (65.3) | 96 (7.4) |
| Yes | 918 (34.7) | 83 (7.7) |
| Other demographic factors | ||
| Age (mean +/- SE) | 43.26 +/- 0.53 | 43.22 +/- 0.55 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 742 (49.9) | 57 (7.9) |
| Female | 1704 (50.1) | 122 (7.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic | 1476 (66.1) | 116 (7.5) |
| White or other non-Hispanic | 691 (22.7) | 45 (8.8) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 293 (11.2) | 17 (5.5) |
| Health insurance coverage | ||
| None | 129 (8.7) | 12 (5.0) |
| Private | 935 (37.1) | 58 (7.7) |
| Public | 1357 (51.4) | 105 (7.6) |
| Other | 53 (2.9) | 5 (14.8) |
| Acculturation score | ||
| ≤3 | 1203 (56.1) | 99 (7.2) |
| >3 | 1263 (43.9) | 81 (8.0) |
| Nativity | ||
| Native-born | 1158 (45.5) | 73 (6.5) |
| Foreign-born | 1330 (54.5) | 107 (8.4) |
| Neighborhood collective efficacy(mean +/- SE) | 3.50 +/- 0.02 | 3.51 +/- 0.02 |
| Health utilization measures | ||
| Whether respondent had a usual source of medical care | ||
| No | 265 (13.3) | 23 (8.3) |
| Yes | 2213 (86.7) | 155 (7.4) |
| Number of times respondent went to ER in past 12 months | ||
| None | 1865 (75.4) | 103 (6.5) |
| Once | 335 (14.3) | 34 (8.6) |
| More than once | 278 (10.4) | 42 (13.7) |
| Whether respondent had delayed medical care due to cost concerns | ||
| No | 1979 (78.4) | 115 (6.5) |
| Yes | 510 (21.6) | 65 (11.3) |
| General health measures | ||
| Global self-rated health | ||
| At least good health | 1584 (68.0) | 77 (6.2) |
| Fair/poor health | 904 (31.9) | 103 (10.3) |
| Has diagnosed asthma | ||
| No | 2034 (83.4) | 133 (6.5) |
| Yes | 454 (16.6) | 47 (12.7) |
| Has a diagnosed heart condition | ||
| No | 2323 (96.2) | 161 (7.4) |
| Yes | 166 (3.8) | 19 (11.1) |
| Has diagnosed high cholesterol | ||
| No | 1565 (69.5) | 102 (6.4) |
| Yes | 912 (30.5) | 77 (10.0) |
| Has diagnosed diabetes | ||
| No | 2048 (87.0) | 139 (7.4) |
| Yes | 441 (13.0) | 41 (8.7) |
| Has diagnosed hypertension | ||
| No | 1449 (68.1) | 97 (7.3) |
| Yes | 1035 (31.9) | 83 (8.1) |
| Received flu vaccine in past year | ||
| No | 1075 (47.6) | 72 (7.1) |
| Yes | 1407 (52.4) | 108 (8.0) |
| Whether respondent is obese | ||
| No | 1745 (74.2) | 115 (7.6) |
| Yes | 682 (25.8) | 59 (7.2) |
| Exposure to health risks | ||
| Smoking status | ||
| Non-smoker | 2229 (89.8) | 151 (7.1) |
| Smoker | 252 (10.2) | 28 (11.2) |
| Current alcohol use | ||
| No | 1160 (41.3) | 92 (8.7) |
| Yes | 1317 (58.7) | 73 (5.1) |
| Drug use (any lifetime use of heroin, crack, cocaine, and methamphetamines) | ||
| No | 1980 (84.3) | 128 (6.6) |
| Yes | 427 (15.7) | 42 (12.2) |