Table 1.
Prevalence (%) or mean of sample characteristics as a function of age groups (Weighted N = 17,686–18,720).
|
Age (years) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16–44 | 45-66 | ≥ 67 | Total | ||
| Psychological distress | None | 81.4a | 85.8b | 87.7c | 84.0 |
| Anxiety alone | 3.6a | 2.6b | 3.0a.b | 3.2 | |
| Depression alone | 6.9a | 5.4b | 5.1b | 6.1 | |
| Comorbid Anxiety and Depression | 8.0a | 6.2b | 4.1c | 6.8 | |
| Physical functional limitations | None | 97.1a | 92.9b | 77.1c | 92.6 |
| Climbing stairs | 0.6a | 1.7b | 7.8c | 2.1 | |
| Carrying | 1.4a | 3.2b | 7.5c | 2.9 | |
| Climbing stairs and carrying | 1.0a | 2.2b | 7.6c | 2.4 | |
| Self-rated health | Good/Very good | 85.7a | 75.3b | 68.6c | 79.3 |
| Neither good or bad | 10.3a | 15.5b | 19.5c | 13.6 | |
| Bad/Very bad | 4.0a | 9.2b | 11.9c | 7.1 | |
| Gender | Male | 52.2a | 51.0a | 44.6b | 50.6 |
| Female | 47.8a | 49.0a | 55.4b | 49.4 | |
| Education | Low | 30.9a | 23.6b | 38.6c | 29.5 |
| Medium | 38.6a | 46.6b | 44.7b | 42.5 | |
| High | 30.6a | 29.8a | 16.7b | 28.0 | |
| Survey year | 2008 | 49.3a | 47.8a.b | 45.2b | 48.1 |
| 2012 | 50.7a | 52.2a.b | 54.8b | 51.9 | |
| Pain | No pain or pain medication | 75.5a | 64.5b | 65.2b | 70.1 |
| Pain but no medication, or no pain but medication | 18.5a | 25.1b | 24.3b | 21.7 | |
| Both pain and pain medication | 6.0a | 10.4b | 10.5b | 8.2 | |
| Sense of mastery | Mean(SE) | 14.7a(0.04) | 14.9b(0.05) | 13.5c(0.09) | 14.6(0.03) |
| Social support | Mean(SE) | 12.1a(0.02) | 11.8b(0.03) | 11.1c(0.04) | 11.8(0.02) |
Note: Values in the same row not sharing the same subscript are significantly different at p < 0,05 in the two-sided test of equality for column proportions. Cells with no subscript are not included in the test. Tests assume equal variances.