RSV regulated the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated, lipid metabolism-associated and β-cells-associated genes via SIRT1. **P<0.01. SIRT1, Sirtuin 1; INS-1E, insulinoma cell line clone 1E; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α; FOXO3a, forkhead box O3a; NC, normal INS-1E cells pretreated with vehicle; HF, INS-1E cells incubated with 30 mM PA for 24 h; HF+RSV, INS-1E cells incubated with 30 mM PA and 10 µm RSV for 24 h; HF+RSV+SIRT siRNA, INS-1E cells transfected with SIRT1 siRNA for 48 h and incubated with PA 30 mM and 10 µm RSV for 24 h; HF+RSV+NC siRNA, INS-1E cells transfected with negative control siRNA for 48 h and incubated with PA 30 mM and 10 µm RSV for 24 h; NRF, nuclear respiratory factor; mtTFA, mitochondrial transcription factor A; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; CPT-1, lipid metabolism-related carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; LCAD, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; PDX-1, pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1; MAFA, mid-arm fat area; INS, insulin; siRNA, small interfering RNA.