Table 3.

Factors associated with anemia in HIV-infected patients on second line ART at two urban HIV clinics in Lilongwe, Malawi

	Unadjusted Odds Ratios		Adjusted Odds Ratios
Characteristic	(95% CI)	p-value	(95% CI)	p-value
Sex
Male	1		1	1
Female	4.1 (2.5–7.0)	<0.001	5.3 (2.9–9.5)	<0.001
Age
≤29	1
30–39	1.4 (0.6–3.2)	0.39
40–49	0.9 (0.4–1.9)	0.69
≥50	0.6 (0.3–1.5)	0.30
Total time on ART (years)
0–5	1		1	1
6–10	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	0.60
11–15	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.02	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	0.02
Second line ART regimen
contains AZT	1
does not contain AZT	1.3 (0.7–2.4)	0.36
CD4 cell count
≥500	1		1	1
350–499	0.8 (0.5–1.6)	0.67
200–349	0.8 (0.4–1.5)	0.47
<200	2.4 (1.3–4.4)	0.01	3.1(1.6–6.0)	0.001
Viral load
<=1000	1
>1000	1.3 (0.6–2.7)	0.49
Body mass index
<18.5	1.5 (0.7–3.5)	0.33
18.5–24.9	1		1	1
25–29.9	1.0 (0.6–1.8)	0.86
≥30	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	0.08	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	0.02
Glomerular filtration rate
>90	1
30–89	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	0.15
<30	9.0 (1–78.4)	0.047

CI-confidence intervals

AZT- zidovudine