Table 2.

Puff volume, puff duration, and interpuff interval used in studies (n = 32) measuring carbonyl emissions from e-cigarettes.

Puffing parameter	Number of studiesa	Studies
PUFF VOLUME
33.4 mL	1	Jo and Kim, 2016
35 mL	1	Geiss et al., 2015
40 mL	2	Herrington and Myers, 2015; Khlystov and Samburova, 2016
43 mL	1	Blair et al., 2015
50 mL	4	Jensen et al., 2015; Geiss et al., 2016; Sleiman et al., 2016; Farsalinos K. E. et al., 2017a
55 mL	8	Uchiyama et al., 2013, 2016; Hutzler et al., 2014; Tayyarah and Long, 2014; Flora et al., 2016, 2017; Gillman et al., 2016; Beauval et al., 2017
60 mL	2	Farsalinos et al., 2015; Farsalinos K. E. et al., 2017b
66.7 mL	1	Talih et al., 2017
70 mL	4	Goniewicz et al., 2014; Kosmider et al., 2014; Laugesen, 2015; Sala et al., 2017
80 mL	1	Havel et al., 2017
91 mL	1	Ogunwale et al., 2017
100 mL	1	El-Hellani et al., 2016
152.8 mL	1	Talih et al., 2016
Variable	1	Klager et al., 2017
PUFF DURATION
1.8 s	2	Goniewicz et al., 2014; Kosmider et al., 2014
2 s	6	Uchiyama et al., 2013, 2016; Tayyarah and Long, 2014; Blair et al., 2015; Jo and Kim, 2016; Klager et al., 2017
3 s	4	Hutzler et al., 2014; Laugesen, 2015; Geiss et al., 2016; Beauval et al., 2017
4 s	14	Havel et al., 2017; Farsalinos et al., 2015; Farsalinos K. E. et al., 2017a,b Geiss et al., 2015; Herrington and Myers, 2015; Jensen et al., 2015; El-Hellani et al., 2016; Flora et al., 2016, 2017; Gillman et al., 2016; Khlystov and Samburova, 2016; Ogunwale et al., 2017; Talih et al., 2017
5 s	2	Sleiman et al., 2016; Farsalinos K. E. et al., 2017a
8 s	1	Talih et al., 2016
INTERPUFF INTERVAL
10 s	7	Goniewicz et al., 2014; Herrington and Myers, 2015; Laugesen, 2015; El-Hellani et al., 2016; Jo and Kim, 2016; Talih et al., 2016, 2017
17 s	1	Kosmider et al., 2014
20 s	1	Geiss et al., 2016
30 s	17	Uchiyama et al., 2013, 2016; Hutzler et al., 2014; Tayyarah and Long, 2014; Farsalinos et al., 2015; Farsalinos K. E. et al., 2017a,b Geiss et al., 2015; Jensen et al., 2015; Flora et al., 2016, 2017; Gillman et al., 2016; Khlystov and Samburova, 2016; Sleiman et al., 2016; Beauval et al., 2017; Havel et al., 2017; Ogunwale et al., 2017
60 s	2	Blair et al., 2015; Klager et al., 2017

^aOne study (Wang et al., 2017) did not use an e-cigarette to generate aerosol, and another study (Uchiyama et al., 2010) did not report puff duration and interpuff interval. Thus, puffing regime is not identified in these studies. One study (Kosmider et al., 2017) tested puffing regimes based on topography recordings in experienced vapers; the puffing regimes are not displayed in the table. One study (Sala et al., 2017) used variable puff duration, ranging from 2 to 10 s. One study (Blair et al., 2015) used variable interpuff interval, ranging from 15 to 60 s.