Table 2.

Lipid profile, non-cholesterol sterols and Achilles tendon thickness of subjects without or with xanthomas

	FH
	Subjects without xanthomas n = 63	Subjects with xanthomas n = 40	p
Total cholesterol, mg/dl	308.8 ± 48.2	354.9 ± 63.1	< 0.001
Triglycerides, mg/dl	93 (66–149)	98 (65–175)	0.707
HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	51.9 ± 15.7	54.9 ± 16.4	0.369
Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dl	256.8 ± 47.3	300.1 ± 62.0	< 0.001
LDL cholesterol, mg/dl	235.4 ± 51.6	274 ± 55.0	0.001
Apolipoprotein A1, mg/dl	148.6 ± 34.8	143.4 ± 31.8	0.450
Apolipoprotein B, mg/dl	172.5 ± 31.4	191.4 ± 48.1	0.019
Maximum Achilles tendon thickness, mm	4.70 (4.43–4.95)	5.71 (5.30–6.88)	< 0.001
Mean Achilles tendon thickness, mm	4.51 (4.16–4.73)	5.49 (5.05–6.63)	< 0.001
Cholesterol HPLC–MS/MS, mg/dl	314.6 ± 52.1	351.4 ± 73.1	0.004
5α-cholestanol, mg/dl	0.665 ± 0.269	0.843 ± 0.375	0.006
β-sitosterol, mg/dl	0.602 ± 0.319	0.767 ± 0.462	0.034
Campesterol, mg/dl	0.329 ± 0.173	0.384 ± 0.230	0.176
Stigmasterol, mg/dl	0.0462 ± 0.0296	0.0528 ± 0.0287	0.269
Sitostanol, mg/dl	0.0217 (0.0093–0.0551)	0.0338 (0.0119–0.0565)	0.614
Desmosterol, mg/dl	0.773 ± 0.345	0.896 ± 0.430	0.109
Lanosterol, mg/dl	0.820 ± 0.383	0.896 ± 0.430	0.566
24S-hydroxycholesterol, mg/dl	0.0100 ± 0.0042	0.0115 ± 0.0061	0.142
27-hydroxycholesterol, mg/dl	0.0163 (0.0117–0.0210)	0.0167 (0.0123–0.0270)	0.161
7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-ona, mg/dl × 10	0.0370 (0.0253–0.0542)	0.0358 (0.0242–0.0511)	0.735

Values are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). P refers to differences calculated by Student’s t test for data normally distributed and Mann–Whitney U test for skewed data

LDL denotes low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HPLC–MS/MS, high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry