Table 4.

Overview of the primary barriers and how they influenced various aspects of healthcare delivery/reception

Primary barriers to culturally competent care	Areas of health care service delivery/reception affected
Language barriers	• Practitioner-patient/caregiver communication • Establishment of rapport • Information provision and instruction • Engagement in intervention/therapy
Cultural barriers	• Practitioner-patient/caregiver communication • Establishment of rapport • Diagnosis • Decision-making on treatment • Engagement in intervention/therapy
Limited resources	• Practitioner-patient/caregiver communication • Establishment of rapport • Diagnosis • Assessments • Engagement in intervention/therapy