Table 1.

Detection of vancomycin-resistance genes, carbapenem-resistance gene and methicillin-resistance gene and some of pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in various sewage samples using FilmArray

S. no	Samples from various sewage treatment plants	Antimicrobial-resistance genes			Detected bacteria
A	Sewage from municipal sewage treatment plant, Jazan Province	van A/B	Carbapenem-resistance gene (KPC)	mecA	Gram positive-bacteria	Gram negative-bacteria
1	Sewage from community sewage center-I	Not detected	Not detected	N/A	Enterococcus species	Escherichia coli
					Streptococcus species	Klebsiella pneumoniae
2	Sewage from community sewage center-II	Detected	Detected	Detected	Enterococcus species	Acinetobacter baumannii
					Staphylococcus aureus	Enterobacter cloacae complex
					Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)	E. coli
						K. pneumoniae
						Klebsiella oxytoca
						Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3	Sewage from fish market sewage tank	N/A	Not detected	Detected	S. aureus	K. pneumoniae
					Streptococcus species	P. aeruginosa
4	Sewage from animal slaughter house sewage tank	N/A	Not detected	Detected	Staphylococcus aureus	E. cloacae complex
					Streptococcus species	K. pneumoniae
B	Sewage from hospital sewage centers, Jazan Province
1	Sewage from tertiary hospital sewage tank	Detected	Detected	N/A	Enterococcus species	A. baumannii
					S. agalactiae (Group B)	E. cloacae complex
						E.coli
						K. pneumoniae
						K. oxytoca
						Serratia marcescens
						P. aeruginosa
2	Sewage from general hospital sewage tank	Detected	Not detected	N/A	Enterococcus species	A. baumannii
					S. agalactiae (Group B)	E. cloacae complex
						E.coli
						K. pneumoniae
						K. oxytoca
						P. aeruginosa

Van A/B (vancomycin-resistance genes); carbapenem-resistance gene (KPC); mecA (methicillin-resistance gene)

N/A (not applied)—when no appropriate organism is detected regardless of the result for the antimicrobial resistance gene assay