Table 1.
Univariate analysis for presence of dysmenorrhea among the study participants
| Variables | Total (%) | Presence of dysmenorrhea | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YES (%) | No (%) | |||
| College | 956 | 814 (85.1) | 142 (14.9) | 0.859 |
| Engineering/Science | 216 (22.6) | 182 (22.4) | 34 (23.9) | |
| Humanities and social sciences | 592 (61.9) | 507 (62.3) | 85 (59.9) | |
| M | 148 (15.5) | 125 (15.4) | 23 (16.2) | |
| Age (years) | 19.73 ± 1.5 | 0.806 | ||
| < 20 | 704 (73.6) | 600 (73.7) | 104 (73.2) | |
| ≥ 20 | 252 (26.4) | 214 (26.3) | 38 (26.8) | |
| Age at menarche (years) | 0.027 | |||
| ≤ 14 | 655 (68.5) | 569 (69.9) | 86 (60.6) | |
| > 14 | 301 (31.5) | 245 (30.1) | 56 (39.4) | |
| Regular | 0.703 | |||
| Always | 248 (25.9) | 213 (26.2) | 35 (24.6) | |
| Not always | 708 (74.1) | 601 (73.8) | 107 (75.4) | |
| Duration of menses (days) | 0.339 | |||
| ≤ 5 | 510 (53.3) | 429 (52.7) | 81 (57) | |
| > 5 | 446 (46.7) | 385 (47.3) | 61 (43) | |
| Education of the mother | 0.464 | |||
| ≤ High school | 625 (65.4) | 536 (65.8) | 89 (62.7) | |
| ≥ College | 331 (34.6) | 278 (34.2) | 53 (37.3) | |
| Education of the father | 0.761 | |||
| ≤ High school | 496 (51.9) | 424 (52.1) | 72 (49.3) | |
| ≥ College | 460 (48.1) | 390 (47.9) | 70 (50.7) | |
| Socioeconomic level | 0.628 | |||
| ≤ Average (~ 400 USD) | 684 (71.5) | 580 (71.3) | 104 (73.2) | |
| > Average | 272 (28.5) | 234 (28.7) | 38 (26.8) | |
| Smoking | 0.274 | |||
| Yes | 158 (16.5) | 139 (17.1) | 19 (13.4) | |
| No | 798 (83.5) | 675 (82.9) | 123 (86.6) | |
| BMI | 0.099 | |||
| < 18.5 | 104 (11.3) | 81 (10.3) | 23 (16.9) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 694 (75.4) | 602 (76.7) | 92 (67.6) | |
| 25–29.9 | 101 (11) | 84 (10.7) | 17 (12.5) | |
| > 30 | 22 (2.4) | 18 (2.3) | 4 (2.9) | |
| Breakfast | 0.984 | |||
| Every day | 243 (25.4) | 207 (25.4) | 36 (25.4) | |
| Sometimes/Never | 713 (74.6) | 607 (74.6) | 106 (74.6) | |
| Tea/coffee/Nescafe | 0.0748 | |||
| ≤ 1 cup | 312 (32.6) | 264 (32.4) | 48 (33.8) | |
| ≥ 2 cup | 644 (67.4) | 550 (67.6) | 94 (66.2) | |
| Vegetables and fruits | 0.804 | |||
| Never or low | 203 (21.3) | 172 (21.2) | 31 (22) | |
| Moderate | 594 (62.3) | 506 (62.3) | 88 (62.4) | |
| High | 119 (12.5) | 104 (12.8) | 15 (10.6) | |
| Very high | 37 (3.9) | 30 (3.7) | 7 (5) | |
| Meat and protein rich diet | 0.328 | |||
| Never or low | 227 (23.8) | 190 (23.4) | 37 (26.2) | |
| Moderate | 596 (62.5) | 517 (63.6) | 79 (56) | |
| High | 99 (10.4) | 80 (9.8) | 19 (13.5) | |
| Very high | 32 (3.4) | 26 (3.2) | 6 (4.3) | |
| Sweets and sugary beverages | 0.240 | |||
| Never or low | 81 (8.5) | 63 (7.7) | 18 (12.9) | |
| Moderate | 523 (54.9) | 452 (55.6) | 71 (50.7) | |
| High | 290 (30.4) | 248 (s) | 42 (30) | |
| Very high | 59 (6.2) | 50 (6.2) | 9 (6.4) | |
| Salty foods | 0.326 | |||
| Never or low | 96 (10.1) | 77 (9.5) | 19 (13.6) | |
| Moderate | 444 (46.6) | 387 (47.7) | 57 (40.7) | |
| High | 319 (33.5) | 269 (33.1) | 50 (35.7) | |
| Very high | 93 (9.8) | 79 (9.7) | 14 (10) | |
| Exercise | 0.721 | |||
| Yes | 329 (34.4) | 282 (34.6) | 47 (33.1) | |
| No | 627 (65.6) | 532 (65.4) | 95 (66.9) | |
| Interval between cycles (days) | 0.215 | |||
| Normal (21–35) | 745 (77.9) | 640 (78.6) | 105 (73.9) | |
| Abnormal (< 21 or > 35) | 211 (22.1) | 174 (21.4) | 37 (26.1) | |
| Living | 0.866 | |||
| With family | 780 (81.6) | 664 (81.7) | 116 (82.3) | |
| In dormitories | 174 (18.2) | 149 (18.3) | 25 (17.7) | |