Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratio of elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels with increasing inorganic arsenic concentrations by race/ethnicity and by weight status
| Model | Quartile of Inorganic Arsenic [point estimate (95% Confidence Intervals)] | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | ||||||
| N | Cases,(%)1 | aOR | Cases,(%)1 | aOR (95%CI) | Cases,(%)1 | aOR (95%CI) | Cases,(%)1 | aOR (95%CI) | |
| All 2 | 8518 | 506 (28%) | Ref | 644 (31%) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 736 (33%) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.8) | 827 (35%) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.4) |
| Race/Ethnicity 3 | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3579 | 325 (30%) | Ref | 310 (32%) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 262 (32%) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 261(37%) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1828 | 47 (17%) | Ref | 92 (21%) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 127 (25%) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 153 (25%) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) |
| Mexican Americans | 1624 | 74 (30%) | Ref | 150 (35%) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | 202 (39%) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.6) | 191 (44%) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) |
| Other Hispanics | 770 | 33 (40%) | Ref | 61 (39%) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.3) | 90 (41%) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 112 (36%) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) |
| Other or Mixed | 717 | 27 (24%) | Ref | 31 (27%) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.3) | 55 (34%) | 1.7 (0.7, 4.2) | 110 (34%) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.7) |
| BMI Weight Group 4 | |||||||||
| Underweight/Normal | 3319 | 146 (19%) | Ref | 144 (7%) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.3) | 168 (20%) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 183 (21%) | 1.34 (1.0, 1.8) |
| Overweight | 2480 | 159 (31%) | Ref | 183 (31%) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.5) | 213 (33%) | 0.98 (0.7, 1.4) | 262 (36%) | 1.31 (0.9, 1.9) |
| Obese | 2719 | 201 (39%) | Ref | 317 (46%) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 355 (48%) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 382 (48%) | 1.50 (1.1, 2.0) |
| Obese Only 4 | |||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1067 | 134 (44%) | Ref | 139 (47%) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) | 129 (50%) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 108 (50%) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 726 | 17 (18%) | Ref | 57 (33%) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.1) | 73 (37%) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.9) | 95 (37%) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.8) |
| Mexican Americans | 554 | 29 (44%) | Ref | 82 (57%) | 1.9 (1.0, 3.5) | 102 (53%) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.9) | 94 (61%) | 1.9 (1.0, 3.5) |
| Other Hispanics | 255 | 7 (37%) | Ref | 31 (57%) | 2.8 (0.6, 13.4) | 40 (57%) | 3.3 (0.8, 13.9) | 55 (49%) | 1.9 (0.5, 7.5) |
| Other or Mixed | 117 | 14 (50%) | Ref | 8 (44%) | 0.4 (0.1, 2.2) | 11 (50%) | 0.5 (0.1, 2.6) | 30 (61%) | 0.9 (0.3, 3.3) |
All model adjusted for age, survey cycle, gender, PIR, race/ethnicity, BMI Weight status, and interactions (race/ethnicity*iAS, BMI weight status*iAS)
1%cases = # with elevated ALT divided by the total in the arsenic exposure quartile + race/ethnic or weight category subgroup
2Adjusted for age, survey cycle, gender, PIR, BMI Weight status, and race/ethnicity
3Adjusted for age, survey cycle, gender, PIR, and BMI Weight status
4Adjusted for age, survey cycle, gender, PIR, and race/ethnicity
Note: High blood-ALT levels were defined as >25 IU/L for boys ≤17 years and >22 IU/L for girls ≤17 years. In adults, high ALT was defined >30 IU/L in males and >19 IU/L in females