Table 3.
Current and Projected Costs of Hospitalization for CHD Attributable to Elemental Carbon
| 2008 | 2035 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Number of Cases (95% CI)1 |
Aggregate Cost2 in Millions of 2014 Dollars (95% CI)3 |
Number of Cases (95% CI)a |
Aggregate Cost2 in Millions of 2014 Dollars (95% CI)3 |
|
|
| ||||
| Direct Costs | ||||
| Inpatient | ||||
| Hospitalizationa | ||||
| 45–64 | 372 (129, 606) | 8.9 (3.1, 14.5) | 444 (154, 687) | 10.6 (3.7, 16.4) |
| 65+ | 548 (191, 894) | 13.9 (4.8, 22.7) | 656 (226, 1,013) | 16.6 (5.7, 25.7) |
| All ages | 920 (320, 1,500) | 22.8 (7.9, 37.1) | 1,100 (380, 1,700) | 27.2 (9.4, 42.0) |
| Medical care in year following dischargeb | 920 (320, 1,500) | 14.8 (5.1, 24.1) | 1,100 (380, 1,700) | 17.7 (6.1, 27.3) |
|
| ||||
| Indirect Costs | ||||
| Lost income, age 45–64c | 372 (129, 606) | 0.9 (0.3, 1.4) | 444 (154, 687) | 1.1 (0.4, 1.6) |
|
| ||||
| Opportunity Costs | ||||
| Age 45–64 | 372 (129, 606) | 2.3 (0.8, 3.8) | 444 (154, 687) | 2.8 (1., 4.3) |
| Age 65+ | 548 (191, 894) | 5.5 (1.9, 8.9) | 656 (226, 1,013) | 6.5 (2.3, 10.1) |
|
| ||||
| Total Cost | 46.3 (16.1, 75.4) | 55.3 (19.1, 85.5) | ||
1
Number of cases and 95% confidence interval (CI) are from Ghosh, et al.9
2
These estimates are the number of cases multiplied by cost (from Table 1) of each outcome (95% confidence intervals [CI]).
3
The uncertainty interval for the aggregate cost treats cost as a constant and the count estimate as a random variable