Table 2.
PECARN secondary analyses results on isolated moderate-risk findings for ciTBI
| Isolated moderate risk PECARN findings | Reference | Population | Outcome risks n/N, (%; 95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ciTBI | TBI on CT | |||
| Loss of consciousness | Lee, [163] | <2y | 1/157 (0.6; 0.0–3.5) | 2/90 (2.2; 0.3–7.8) |
| ≥2y | 12/2623 (0.5; 0.2–0.8) | 36/1903 (1.9; 1.3–2.6) | ||
| Severe injury mechanism | Nigrovic, [164] | <2y | 4/1327 0.3 (0.1–0.8) |
NA |
| ≥2y | 12/1975 0.6 (0.3–1) |
NA | ||
| Vomiting | Dayan, [137] | <2y | 0/567 (0; 0–0.6) | 2/187 (1.1; 0.1–3.8) |
| ≥2y | 10/1501 (0.7; 0.3–1.2) | 26/806 (3.2; 2.1–4.7) | ||
| Severe Headache | Dayan, [165] | ≥2y | 0/91 (0; 0–4.0) | 0/50 (0; 0–7.1) |
| Non-frontal scalp hematoma | Dayan, [167] | <2y | 12/2998 (0.4; 0.2–0.7) | 50/570 (8.8; 6.6–11.4) |
| Not acting normally per parent | Nishijima [166] | <2 y | 1/411 (0.2; 0–1.3) | 4/185 (2.2; 0.6–5.4) |
ciTBI definition: death, neurosurgical procedure, intubation for at least 24 h for TBI, or hospitalization for 2 or more nights because of the head trauma in association with TBI on cranial CT
TBI on CT: any acute traumatic intracranial fi nding or a skull fracture depressed by at least the width of the skull. Patients with isolated skull fractures that were not depressed by at least the width of the skull were not considered as having traumatic brain injury on CT;
NA not available