Table 2.

Direct costs per patient (in euros [€]) stratified by the COPD and reference populations during 2013

Cost category	COPD patients (n=7,251)	Reference population (n=41,111)
Respiratory drugs	584	50
All drugs	438	206
Hospital nights (COPD related)	620	68
Hospital nights (non-COPD)	8,295	1,285
Hospital visits (COPD related)	34	4
Hospital visits (non-COPD)	1,245	589
PC visits (physician)	1,453	402
PC visits (non-physician)	510	112
Total	13,179	2,716

Notes: All costs were significantly higher for COPD patients compared to reference population (all p-values <0.0001). Unit costs are (SEK, 2013 rates) 9,580 SEK for hospital nights, 3,000 SEK for hospital visits, and 1,462 SEK for physician and 596 SEK for non-physician PC visits. Exchange rate in 2013: 8 SEK =1 euro.

Abbreviations: PC, primary care; SEK, Swedish krona.