Table 1.
Distribution of study participants by selected characteristics
| Variables | Lung Cancer | aAll Controls | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| N = 454 | N = 797 | ||
|
| |||
| Age (y), mean ± SE) | 62.7 ± 0.48 | 57.5 ± 0.48 | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 224 (49.3) | 384 (48.2) | 0.737 |
| Female | 230 (50.7) | 413 (51.8) | |
|
| |||
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 365 (80.4) | 673 (84.4) | <0.01 |
| African American | 78 (17.2) | 83 (10.4) | |
| Other | 11 (2.4) | 41 (5.1) | |
|
| |||
| Smoking in Pack Years b, mean ± SE | 48.5 ± 1.390 | 31.3 ± 1.404 | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Former | 231 (50.9) | 340 (42.7) | <0.01 |
| Current | 223 (49.1) | 457 (57.3) | |
|
| |||
| Smoking Intensity, n (%) | |||
| Light (≤20 pack years) | 99 (22.1) | 352 (44.6) | <0.01 |
| Moderate (< 20 to < 40 pack years) | 106 (23.7) | 193 (24.4) | |
| Heavy (≥40 pack years) | 243 (54.2) | 245 (31.0) | |
|
| |||
| CBMN Endpoints, mean ± SE | |||
| Micronuclei (BN-MN) | 3.53 ± 0.045 | 1.81 ± 0.030 | <0.01 |
| Nucleoplasmic Bridges (BN-NPBs) | 4.26 ± 0.035 | 0.99 ± 0.021 | |
| Nuclear Buds (BN-NBUDS) | 0.59 ± 0.032 | 0.32 ± 0.017 | |
a
All controls include COPD participants
b
Missing data on 13 study participants: 6 patients with lung cancer and 7 controls