TABLE 3. Estimated percentage* of HIV-negative participants who inject drugs (n = 9,639) who received testing and HIV prevention services, by selected characteristics — National HIV Behavioral Surveillance, 20 cities, United States, 2015.
| Characteristics | Tested for HIV infection in the previous 12 months, % (95% CI) | Participated in HIV behavioral interventions in the previous 12 months,†% (95% CI) | Ever tested for hepatitis C, % (95% CI) |
Received syringes from SSP in the previous 12 months,§% (95% CI) | Received syringes from sterile sources only in the previous 12 months,§% (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall
|
58 (56–60)
|
26 (23–28)
|
82 (80–84)
|
52 (49–55)
|
34 (32–37)
|
|
Sex
| |||||
| Men |
58 (55–60) |
25 (22–27) |
82 (80–84) |
49 (45–52) |
33 (30–35) |
| Women |
62 (58–66) |
28 (24–32) |
83 (81–86) |
57 (51–62) |
38 (33–43) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
¶
| |||||
| Black, non-Hispanic |
65 (62–69) |
29 (25–33) |
82 (79–85) |
51 (47–56) |
36 (33–40) |
| Hispanic** |
62 (58–67) |
27 (22–32) |
78 (73–83) |
53 (48–58) |
38 (33–43) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
51 (47–55) |
23 (20–26) |
84 (82–87) |
54 (49–58) |
28 (25–31) |
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||||
| 18–29 |
58 (53–64) |
23 (18–28) |
74 (69–78) |
46 (39–54) |
26 (21–31) |
| 30–39 |
58 (52–63) |
20 (16–24) |
84 (81–87) |
54 (48–61) |
30 (25–35) |
| 40–49 |
61 (57–64) |
31 (26–35) |
82 (78–86) |
56 (52–61) |
35 (31–39) |
| ≥50 |
61 (57–64) |
27 (23–31) |
86 (83–88) |
54 (50–57) |
38 (35–42) |
|
Education
| |||||
| Less than HS diploma |
58 (54–62) |
24 (20–28) |
81 (79–84) |
53 (48–57) |
34 (30–38) |
| HS diploma |
61 (59–64) |
24 (21–28) |
82 (79–85) |
52 (48–56) |
35 (32–39) |
| More than HS diploma |
55 (51–60) |
29 (25–34) |
84 (81–87) |
50 (45–55) |
31 (26–36) |
|
Health insurance
| |||||
| No |
47 (43–51) |
15 (12–18) |
70 (66–74) |
36 (32–40) |
23 (20–27) |
| Yes |
61 (58–63) |
28 (25–31) |
85 (83–87) |
55 (52–59) |
37 (34–40) |
|
Poverty level
††
| |||||
| At or below FPL |
59 (57–62) |
26 (23–29) |
83 (81–85) |
52 (49–56) |
35 (32–37) |
| Above FPL |
55 (51–59) |
25 (21–29) |
81 (78–85) |
50 (44–56) |
33 (28–38) |
|
Drug injected most frequently
| |||||
| Heroin only |
58 (55–61) |
26 (23–28) |
83 (81–85) |
54 (50–57) |
36 (33–39) |
| Other/Multiple§§ |
59 (56–62) |
26 (22–29) |
80 (77–83) |
45 (42–49) |
29 (25–33) |
|
Region
¶¶
| |||||
| Northeast |
63 (58–68) |
33 (28–38) |
87 (84–91) |
61 (54–67) |
44 (39–50) |
| South |
62 (59–66) |
23 (19–26) |
79 (76–82) |
36 (32–39) |
26 (23–30) |
| Midwest |
47 (42–52) |
19 (15–22) |
78 (74–82) |
50 (44–55) |
43 (37–48) |
| West | 49 (46–53) | 20 (17–23) | 80 (76–83) | 66 (62–70) | 28 (24–31) |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; FPL = federal poverty level; HS = high school; SSP = syringe services program.
* Aggregate estimates are weighted averages of MSA (metropolitan statistical areas)-level percentages. MSA-level percentages were adjusted for differences in recruitment and the size of participant persons who inject drugs, peer networks then proportionally weighted by the size of the persons who inject drugs population in each city.
† Participating in an individual or group HIV behavioral intervention (e.g., a one-on-one conversation with a counselor or an organized discussion regarding HIV prevention) did not include counseling received as part of an HIV test or conversations with friends.
§ Receiving a syringe from a syringe services program (SSP) was defined as reporting receiving a sterile syringe or needles at least once from an SSP or syringe/needle exchange program. Receiving syringes from sterile sources only included reporting receiving syringes from at least one of the following: SSP, pharmacy, or healthcare provider and not any other sources during the previous 12 months.
¶ Aggregate estimates for “Other” race/ethnicity excluded due to insufficient data. “Other” includes American Indian/Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders, and persons of multiple races.
** Persons of Hispanic ethnicity might be of any race or combination of races.
†† Poverty level is based on household income and household size.
§§ Other drugs injected alone or two or more drugs injected with the same frequency.
¶¶ The Northeast region includes the MSAs of Boston, Massachusetts; Nassau-Suffolk, New York; New York, New York; Newark, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. South region includes Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Washington, District of Columbia. Midwest region includes Chicago, Illinois and Detroit, Michigan. West region includes Denver, Colorado; Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; San Francisco, California; and Seattle, Washington. San Juan, Puerto Rico was not included.