Fig. 3.

Higher energy expenditure and food intake in ATKlk7 ^−/− compared to control mice under HFD. Oxygen consumption (a) and carbon dioxide production (b) over a period of 48 h were significantly higher in ATKlk7 ^−/− compared to control (ATKlk7 ^+/+) mice (n = 4 per genotype). c Respiratory exchange rate (RER) was lower in ATKlk7 ^−/− mice, indicating better adaptation to lipid utilization. d Net energy expenditure (h) was higher in ATKlk7 ^−/− compared to controls. e Physical activity was not significantly different between ATKlk7 ^−/− and control mice. f Cumulative food intake was significantly higher in ATKlk7 ^−/− compared to control mice, both after 24 h and after 72 h. Data are presented as grams food per gram body weight. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per genotype) and for dark or light cycle differences between genotypes were tested for statistical significance by a two-tailed Student’s t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001