Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| ACCORD (n=9635) |
DPPOS (n=1018) |
Look AHEAD (n=4760) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
|
| |||
| Age, years | 62.8 (6.7) | 50.9 (8.0) | 58.9 (6.7) |
| Aged 75 years or older | 521 (5%) | 0 | 31 (1%) |
| Sex | |||
| Women | 3662 (38%) | 680 (67%) | 2784 (59%) |
| Men | 5973 (62%) | 338 (33%) | 1976 (42%) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Black | 1834 (19%) | 244 (24%) | 776 (16%) |
| Hispanic or Latino | 678 (7%) | 175 (17%) | 670 (14%) |
|
| |||
| Clinical features | |||
|
| |||
| Tobacco smoking, current | 1179 (12%) | 52 (5%) | 202 (4%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.2 (5.4) | 33.9 (5.9) | 36.0 (5.9) |
| Blood pressure, seated | |||
| Systolic, mm Hg | 136.5 (17.1) | 123.7 (14.0) | 129.0 (17.1) |
| Diastolic, mm Hg | 74.9 (10.7) | 76.4 (8.8) | 70.2 (9.5) |
| Pulse pressure, mm Hg | 61.5 (14.6) | 47.8 (12.1) | 58.9 (14.3) |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 72.7 (11.8) | N/A | 71.4 (11.4) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 3437 (36%) | 12 (1%) | 665 (14%) |
|
| |||
| Drug use | |||
|
| |||
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | 8109 (84%) | 770 (76%) | 3410 (72%) |
| Oral diabetes drugs (including metformin) | 8024 (83%) | 336 (33%) | 3246 (68%) |
| Insulin treatment | 3403 (35%) | N/A | 724 (15%) |
| Statins | 6148 (64%) | 721 (71%) | 2142 (45%) |
| Fibrates | 601 (6%) | N/A | 324 (7%) |
| Anticoagulant use | 303 (3%) | N/A | N/A |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory use | 851 (9%) | N/A | N/A |
| Platelet aggregate inhibitor use | 466 (5%) | N/A | N/A |
| Daily aspirin use | 5274 (55%) | N/A | 2140 (45%) |
|
| |||
| Biomarkers | |||
|
| |||
| HbA1c, % | 8.3 (1.1) | 6.1 (0.7) | 7.3 (1.2) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 67 (9) | 43 (5) | 56 (9) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.2 (41.7) | 196.0 (43.7) | 191.4 (37.3) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 41.8 (11.6) | 46.0 (12.3) | 43.5 (11.9) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 104.7 (33.8) | 99.5 (27.3) | 112.7 (32.1) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 190.7 (145.8) | 162.7 (256.8) | N/A |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 175.3 (55.8) | 115.8 (22.7) | 153.2 (45.6) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 27.5 (16.0) | N/A | N/A |
| Creatine phosphokinase, IU/L | 140.3 (130.2) | N/A | N/A |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.5 (0.5) | N/A | N/A |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 90.9 (27.3) | 98.8 (15.7) | 89.9 (16.1) |
| Urine albumin, mg/dL | 10.7 (37.3) | 10.8 (6.4) | 4.8 (23.0) |
| Urine creatinine, mg/dL | 127.3 (65.4) | 123.3 (73.6) | 121.0 (67.0) |
| Urine albumin:creatinine ratio, mg/g | 99.2 (359.4) | N/A | 43.1 (201.5) |
Data are mean (SD) or n (%). N/A=not available in the dataset.