FIG. 2.

Lumen diameter over time by serial ultrasound. Serial ultrasound of implanted TEVGs performed at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks after graft implantation indicated a significant difference in lumen diameter between the seeded and unseeded groups as early as 4 weeks after implantation that was maintained throughout the 6-month time course (A), ****p < 0.0001, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005. Representative ultrasound images from each time point (B–K), respectively, demonstrating patent grafts characterized by color Doppler flow through the lumen (B, D, F, H, J) in the seeded group and occluded grafts in the unseeded group (C, E, G, I, K). Color Doppler signals in the unseeded group may indicate the presence of collateral vasculature surrounding stenotic TEVGs. The white dotted lines indicate the luminal and adventitial surfaces of the TEVGs. Scale bar = 2.0 mm. TEVG, tissue-engineered vascular graft. Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea