Table 2.
Description of the sample of GALA II participants by asthma statusa
| Asthma
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristicb | Yes (n =1696)c | No (n = 1777)c | p-valued |
|
|
|
||
| Maternal age at birth | <0.001 | ||
| <20 | 371 (21.9) | 481 (27.1) | |
| 20–24 | 428 (25.2) | 456 (25.7) | |
| 25–29 | 490 (28.9) | 433 (24.4) | |
| >29 | 407 (24.0) | 407 (22.9) | |
| Older siblings | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 430 (25.4) | 479 (27.0) | |
| 1+ | 1056 (62.3) | 995 (66.0) | |
| Missing | 210 (12.4) | 303 (17.1) | |
| Age | 12.5 ± 3.2 | 13.6 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Premature birth | 76 (6.8) | 40 (3.0) | <0.001 |
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 77 (4.5) | 59 (3.3) | 0.06 |
| Male | 950 (56.0) | 761 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | 0.026 | ||
| Mexican | 577 (34.0) | 674 (37.9) | |
| Other Latino | 1+ | 305 (17.2) | |
| Puerto Rican | Missing | 798 (44.9) | |
| Has health insurance | 1604 (95.6) | 1623 (92.5) | <0.001 |
| Breastfed | 1081 (65.2) | 1200 (69.6) | 0.006 |
| Daycare attendance | 415 (24.8) | 401 (22.9) | 0.19 |
| Mother's education | 0.036 | ||
| <high school | 593 (35.0) | 689 (38.8) | |
| high school graduate | 465 (27.4) | 468 (26.3) | |
| some college | 408 (24.1) | 367 (20.7) | |
| college graduate | 230 (13.6) | 253 (14.2) | |
| Chest illness before 2 years | 974 (57.4) | 162 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| Family history of atopic disease | |||
| mother atopy | 711 (41.9) | 341 (19.2) | <0.001 |
| father atopy | 475 (28.0) | 229 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Acculturation Level | <0.001 | ||
| 1 | 124 (7.3) | 255 (14.4) | |
| 2 | 206 (12.2) | 206 (11.6) | |
| 3 | 409 (24.1) | 441 (24.8) | |
| 4 | 76 (4.5) | 57 (3.2) | |
| 5 | 235 (13.9) | 128 (7.2) | |
| Missing | 646 (38.1) | 690 (38.1) | |
| Recruitment Site | 0.12 | ||
| Chicago, Illinois | 283 (16.7) | 288 (16.2) | |
| San Francisco, California | 316 (18.6) | 373 (21.0) | |
| Houston, Texas | 173 (10.2) | 149 (8.4) | |
| Bronx, New York | 236 (13.9) | 223 (12.6) | |
| Puerto Rico | 688 (40.6) | 744 (41.9) | |
a
Table values are mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (column %) for categorical variables.
b
Characteristic is of child unless otherwise noted.
c
Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
d
P-value is for t-test (continuous variables) or χ2 test (categorical variables).