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. 2017 Mar 15;2(2):e588. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000588

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Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Postoperative pain is associated with increased trafficking of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA-receptors by phosphorylation of Ser-831. Surgical plantar incision enhances the membrane translocation of PKCγ, but not other PKC isoforms, and induces the phosphorylation the Ser-831 site of the GluR1 subunit from AMPA-receptors. Stargazin interacts with the phosphorylated subunit in the endoplasmic reticulum compartment and trafficking into the neuronal membrane.^60,181 The enhanced phosphorylation of GluR1 subunit and interaction of stargazin increased insertion of Ca²⁺ -permeable AMAPA receptors in the postsynaptic density (via PSD-95) that enhanced spinal nociceptive transmission. AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; Ca, calcium; CaMKII, Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein; DAG, diacylglycerin kinase II; ERK, extracellular-signal Regulated Kinase; GluR, AMPA receptor subunit; GPCR´s, G-Protein-coupled recetors; IP₃, inosit-1,4,5-trisphosphat; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; P, phosphat; PKA, phospho kinase A; PKCγphospho kinase C gamma; PLC, phospholipase C; PSD-95, postsynaptic density-95; Ser, serine.