Skip to main content
. 2018 Jan 1;25(1):27–39. doi: 10.5551/jat.RV17014

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Elevation of oxidative stress in diabetes

In patients with diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress is elevated due to glucose autoxidation, enhanced glycation, activated AGEs-RAGE axis, enhanced polyol pathway, impaired glutathione redox cycle, and activated PKCs, among others.

Abbreviations: AGEs, advanced glycation end-products; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species.