Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Men | Women | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 223 | 434 | |
| Age, y | 72.1 ± 7.9 | 72.8 ± 7.6 | 0.241 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 2.9 | 23.0 ± 3.3 | 0.074 |
| SBP, mmHg | 129.9 ± 15.9 | 134.1 ± 16.3 | 0.002 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.8 ± 9.5 | 76.3 ± 9.5 | 0.520 |
| Hypertension, % | 42.0 | 46.8 | 0.508 |
| Smoking, % | 15.0 | 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Exercise, % | 43.9 | 38.2 | 0.158 |
| Alcohol habits, % | 62.1 | 15.2 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 12.4 | 7.1 | 0.021 |
| Lipid lowering therapy, % | 19.3 | 33.9 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 114.4 ± 27.2 | 128.9 ± 28.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.6 ± 15.9 | 61.2 ± 14.6 | 0.036 |
| HDL2-C, mg/dL | 38.2 ± 15.2 | 40.3 ± 14.7 | 0.087 |
| HDL3-C, mg/dL | 20.4 ± 3.8 | 20.9 ± 3.6 | 0.100 |
| TG, mg/dL | 93.3 [87.1, 97.7] | 95.5 [91.2, 97.7] | 0.640 |
| HbA1c (NGSP), % | 5.87 ± 0.56 | 5.84 ± 0.42 | 0.329 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 69.2 ± 16.4 | 69.4 ± 15.1 | 0.835 |
| max-IMT, mm | 1.99 [1.87, 2.12] | 1.65 [1.59, 1.71] | <0.001 |
| Plaque score | 4.61 [4.41, 4.83] | 3.95 [3.85, 4.06] | <0.001 |
Data was expressed as the mean ± SD or the mean [95% confident interval].
Statistical significance was examined either by Student's t-test or χ2-test.