Fig. 1.

TGR5 is required for cold-induced scWAT beiging. a Body weight gain of TGR5 wild-type (Tgr5^+/+) and germline TGR5 knockout (Tgr5^−/−) mice housed at thermoneutrality (30 °C) or exposed to cold (8 °C) for 7 days. n = 10 per group. b scWAT over body weight (BW) ratio of mice described in a. c–e mRNA levels of beige remodelling markers Ucp1 (c), Cidea (d), Pgc1a, Tbx1, Prdm16, Cd137, Pparg2 and Cebpb (e) in the scWAT of mice described in a. f Representative (n = 10 per group) western blot of PGC-1α, the mitochondrial marker VDAC1 and beiging markers TBX1 and UCP1 from the scWAT of cold-exposed mice described in a. GAPDH was used as loading control. g Quantitative densitometry of the western blots showed in f. h Representative (n = 10 per group) western blot of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes (CII–CV) from the scWAT of cold-exposed mice described in a, GAPDH was used as loading control. i Quantification of mitochondrial (16S) vs. nuclear (HK2) DNA ratio from the scWAT of cold-exposed mice described in a. j, k Representative haematoxylin and eosin (j) and UCP1 (k) stainings of scWAT sections from cold-exposed mice described in a. Scale bars = 50 μm. Results represent mean ± SEM. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 and ***P ≤ 0.001 vs. Tgr5^+/+ group (at 30 and/or 8 °C) by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (a–e) or Student’s t-test (g, i). Uncropped western blots are provided in Supplementary Fig. 9A–C