Table 3.
Associations between HRQoL and patient and disease characteristics, symptoms and treatment
| EQ-5D utility | EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
| Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||
| Male sex | 0.077 | 0.069 | NS | 2.748 | 5.198 | NS | ||
| Age (per year) | −0.001 | 0.002 | NS | −0.257 | 0.223 | NS | ||
| WHO performance score | ||||||||
| 0–1 | ||||||||
| 2–4 | −0.08 | 0.072 | NS | −5.919 | 7.304 | NS | ||
| Disease characteristics | ||||||||
| More than one metastatic site | −0.068* | 0.035 | NS | −5.048 | 3.342 | 4.048* | 2.276 | |
| Presence of liver metastases | −0.027 | 0.05 | NS | −3.992 | 4.779 | NS | ||
| Presence of lung metastases | −0.021 | 0.041 | NS | 0.465 | 4.074 | NS | ||
| Presence of bone metastases | −0.085** | 0.04 | NS | −3.39 | 3.915 | NS | ||
| Presence of brain metastases | −0.285* | 0.17 | NS | −21.143* | 10.239 | −13.586*** | 2.438 | |
| MSKCC risk score | ||||||||
| Favourable | ||||||||
| Intermediate | 0.015 | 0.062 | NS | −0.431 | 8.924 | NS | ||
| Poor | 0.054 | 0.063 | NS | 2.485 | 9.22 | NS | ||
| Progression of disease | −0.082** | 0.036 | NS | −6.897* | 3 | −3.859* | 2.249 | |
| Disease duration (in months) | −0.002 | 0.001 | NS | −0.081 | 0.117 | NS | ||
| Symptoms | ||||||||
| Fatigue | −0.004*** | 0.001 | −0.003*** | 0.001 | −0.451*** | 0.035 | −0.316*** | 0.042 |
| Nausea and vomiting | −0.001* | 0.001 | 0.001** | 0.001 | −0.360*** | 0.05 | NS | |
| Pain | −0.004*** | 0 | −0.002*** | 0 | −0.324*** | 0.036 | −0.143*** | 0.035 |
| Dyspnoea | −0.003*** | 0 | −0.001*** | 0 | −0.222*** | 0.04 | NS | |
| Sleeping | −0.002*** | 0 | NS | −0.219*** | 0.035 | NS | ||
| Appetite loss | −0.002*** | 0 | NS | −0.274*** | 0.034 | −0.111*** | 0.035 | |
| Constipation | −0.002*** | 0.001 | NS | −0.186*** | 0.054 | NS | ||
| Diarrhoea | −0.001* | 0 | NS | −0.089** | 0.04 | NS | ||
| Treatment | ||||||||
| Systemic therapy versus no systemic therapy | 0.026 | 0.027 | NS | −0.487 | 2.408 | NS | ||
| Radiotherapy | −0.150*** | 0.042 | −0.115*** | 0.036 | −10.017*** | 3.306 | NS | |
| Model intercept | 0.943*** | 0.016 | 85.380*** | 1.903 | ||||
| R2 (overall) | 0.559 | 0.534 | ||||||
| Wald test (p value) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Several comorbidities at diagnosis were considered for inclusion in the multivariable analyses, but all appeared to be not significantly associated with HRQoL
SE standard error, NS not significant
*Significant at α = 0.1
**Significant at α = 0.05
***Significant at α = 0.01