Table 1.
Main questions an intervention needs to address at each implementation step.
| Steps | Questions |
|---|---|
| (1) Defining the problem | What exactly is the problem? |
| Who is exposed to such a problem? | |
| What are the factors that facilitate (risk) or constrain (protective) the emergence of such a problem? | |
| What is the perspective of those affected by the problem? | |
| How does the problem emerge within organizational systems and in their interrelated elements? | |
| (2) Analyzing resources and support | What available resources are needed to deal with the identified problem? |
| Where are the resources located and how can they be accessed? | |
| Which resources have already been mobilized? | |
| (3) Clarifying the goals and objectives | What are the goals and the desired results? |
| What are the target groups? | |
| Is it possible to reach an agreement with stakeholders? | |
| (4) Searching for previous effective interventions | Is it possible to identify other programs that have demonstrated high levels of effectiveness? |
| What are the core components of these programs? | |
| How can these components be adapted to the particular context of intervention? | |
| (5) Clarifying the intervention | What are the core components of the intervention? |
| How should these core components fit the needs and problems identified? | |
| If necessary, what components can be changed to fit the intervention context and which ones cannot? | |
| How can these components be integrated into the organization? | |
| (6) Promoting team building and empowerment | Which groups may be interested in collaborating? |
| How can stakeholders be involved in the process of identifying needs and in selecting and monitoring intervention strategies? | |
| Is the organization prepared to change its organizational practices? | |
| Who could be part of the steering committee responsible for the intervention? | |
| (7) Establishing an organizational infrastructure | What are the organization’s underlying values and philosophies? |
| Are the intervention objectives and key activities consistent with the organization’s core values? | |
| What roles and functions are necessary to achieve strong leadership and commitment to change? | |
| What resources does the organization have to support the intervention? | |
| Is it possible to consider other organizations in order to achieve the established goals? | |
| (8) Undertaking initial implementation and further development | Does the pilot study confirm the core components identified in the action plan? |
| What adaptations are needed following the results of the pilot study? | |
| How should the intervention elements be sequenced considering the different levels within the organization? | |
| (9) Promoting innovation | How and under what conditions is the program being developed? |
| What are its strengths? | |
| What are its weaknesses? | |
| What are the results of the program in accordance with the established objectives? | |
| Which methods and techniques best fit the evaluation questions posed? | |
| (10) Achieving sustainability and integration in standard procedures | How is the intervention more sustainable? |
| How can intervention activities be integrated into the organization’s daily routines? | |
| How can intervention activities be promoted and disseminated? |