Figure 5.

Serum immune globulin G (IgG) responses (mean + individual results) after immunization with phosphate-buffered saline or diphtheria toxoid (DT) and tetanus toxoid (TT) intradermal (ID) loaded onto nanoporous microneedle array or SC, both routes with or without imiquimod (IMQ). When IMQ was added, only half of the antigen dose was applied. IgG responses were detected against DT antigens (A–C) and TT antigens (D–F). Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post hoc test was performed to determine statistical differences between midpoint titers determined using four different titers dilutions.