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. 2017 Dec 8;8:2432. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02432

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Copyright © 2017 Cho, Haning, Shen, Blome, Li, Yang and Contreras.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Native regulation of Hfq in ethanol stress. Transcript levels of hfq were quantified by qPCR with (5%) and without (0%) ethanol supplemented to the media (A). Bars represent averages of biological triplicates calculated by the comparative delta-delta threshold cycle (ΔΔC_T) method and error is standard deviation. The Hfq protein levels were quantified by western blots of chromosomally FLAG-tagged Hfq strains with the UTR (B) and without (C). After growth in a range of ethanol concentrations, 20 ng of total protein were loaded into an SDS-PAGE gel, then transferred to a membrane, and blotted with the anti-FLAG antibody. Band intensity was quantified and is shown as averages of biological triplicates with error as standard deviation.