Figure 13.

a) TEM image of bamboo‐shaped NCNTs. b) Schematic of CO formation on NCNTs and free‐energy diagram at equilibrium potential for CO₂ reduction on pyridinic‐N, pyrrolic‐N, and graphitic‐N defects compared to original CNTs. Reproduced with permission.144 c) The corresponding N functionality content and d) Faradaic efficiency of CO production versus applied potential on N‐doped graphene with different doping temperatures (700–1000 °C). e) Free energy diagrams of electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion on N‐doped graphene and f) schematic of nitrogen defects and CO₂ reduction mechanism. Reproduced with permission.150 Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society.