Table 4.
Hospitalisation rate per 1000 (95% CI) for older population by background characteristics in NSS 1995–1996, NSS 2004 and NSS 2014, India
| Background characteristics | Hospitalisation rate per 1000 (95% CI) | ||
| Predisposing variables | NSS 1995–1996 | NSS 2004 | NSS 2014 |
| Age (years) | |||
| 60–69 | 37.6 (34.8 to 40.5) | 62.2 (58.8 to 65.6) | 82.6 (77.6 to 87.6) |
| 70 years or more | 53.1 (47.8 to 58.4) | 90.6 (85.3 to 96.0) | 124.4 (116.4 to 132.4) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 53.9 (49.3 to 58.4) | 80.3 (76.3 to 84.2) | 101.0 (95.5 to 106.6) |
| Female | 33.3 (30.4 to 36.1) | 63.7 (59.5 to 67.9) | 94.0 (87.5 to 100.5) |
| Marital status | |||
| Currently married | 50.8 (46.8 to 54.9) | 75.6 (72.0 to 79.1) | 95.9 (91.2 to 100.7) |
| Single | 32.9 (29.8 to 36.0) | 66.8 (61.9 to 71.6) | 100.1 (91.8 to 108.4) |
| Caste | |||
| Non-SC/STs | 46.7 (43.5 to 50.0) | 78.8 (75.3 to 82.2) | 105.2 (100.0 to 110.4) |
| SC/STs | 32.9 (28.4 to 37.3) | 50.7 (45.8 to 55.5) | 71.8 (65.8 to 77.9) |
| Education | |||
| Literate | 65.9 (60.7 to 71.1) | 106.3 (100.6 to 112.0) | 116.7 (110.2 to 123.2) |
| Illiterate | 34.0 (30.9 to 37.2) | 54.2 (50.9 to 57.5) | 83.2 (77.5 to 88.8) |
| Enabling variables | |||
| Place of residence | |||
| Urban | 63.1 (58.7 to 67.4) | 99.5 (92.8 to 106.3) | 118.6 (111.2 to 126.0) |
| Rural | 37.9 (34.7 to 41.1) | 63.2 (60.0 to 66.3) | 87.8 (82.6 to 93.1) |
| States | |||
| More developed | 62.1 (57.8 to 66.5) | 98.4 (93.8 to 103.0) | 121.0 (114.9 to 127.1) |
| Less developed | 21.8 (19.0 to 24.5) | 39.5 (36.4 to 42.6) | 67.0 (61.2 to 72.9) |
| Economic dependency | |||
| Economically independent | 35.8 (30.9 to 40.8) | 63.2 (58.9 to 67.5) | 89.2 (80.2 to 98.2) |
| Economically dependent | 47.2 (44.0 to 50.4) | 77.9 (74.1 to 81.7) | 100.7 (96.0 to 105.5) |
| Economic status | |||
| Non-poor | 68.6 (62.6 to 74.6) | 94.9 (89.2 to 100.6) | 128.2 (119.1 to 137.4) |
| Poor | 29.4 (26.9 to 31.9) | 59.8 (56.5 to 63.0) | 80.1 (75.8 to 84.3) |
| Living arrangement | |||
| With family | 44.2 (41.4 to 47.0) | 74.1 (71.1 to 77.1) | 95.3 (91.4 to 99.3) |
| Alone | 31.1 (22.2 to 40.0) | 54.0 (41.1 to 67.0) | 146.2 (99.3 to 193.2) |
| Need variables | |||
| Physical mobility status | |||
| Mobile | 38.0 (35.4 to 40.7) | 62.5 (59.8 to 65.3) | 84.3 (80.3 to 88.3) |
| Immobile | 91.3 (78.8 to 103.7) | 193.9 (175.0 to 212.8) | 249.4 (222.3 to 276.5) |
| Current self-rated health (SRH) | |||
| Good | 31.2 (28.9 to 33.4) | 54.3 (51.5 to 57.1) | 67.8 (63.8 to 71.7) |
| Poor | 96.9 (86.4 to 107.4) | 138.3 (129.5 to 147.1) | 200.2 (186.8 to 213.7) |
| SRH compared with previous year | |||
| Better or same | 31.9 (29.4 to 34.5) | 57.4 (54.6 to 60.1) | 70.1 (66.0 to 74.3) |
| Worse | 78.3 (70.7 to 85.9) | 138.9 (128.9 to 148.9) | 179.5 (167.8 to 191.2) |
| Total | 43.4 (40.8 to 46.1) | 72.0 (69.1 to 74.8) | 97.5 (93.2 to 101.7) |
NSS, National Sample Survey; SC/STs, Scheduled castes/scheduled tribes.