Table 1.
Factors associated with non-utilisation of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) centres among female sex workers surveyed under the integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey, 2012, Nepal
| Variables | Total | HTC not utilised† | Adj. PR‡ |
| N | n (%) | ||
| Total | 610 | 330 (54) | |
| Demographic | |||
| Age in years | |||
| 16–19 | 85 | 51 (60) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) |
| 20–24 | 130 | 73 (56) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.2) |
| >25 | 395 | 206 (52) | Ref. |
| Educational status | |||
| Illiterate | 196 | 98 (50) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| Literate | 414 | 232 (56) | Ref. |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 360 | 197 (55) | Ref. |
| Unmarried | 102 | 60 (59) | – |
| Separated/divorced | 148 | 73 (49) | – |
| Having dependents | |||
| Yes | 341 | 169 (50) | Ref. |
| No | 269 | 161 (60) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)* |
| Behavioural | |||
| Condom use at last sex | |||
| Yes | 461 | 256 (56) | Ref. |
| No | 149 | 74 (32) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) |
| Ever inject drugs | |||
| Yes | 40 | 29 (73) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8)* |
| No | 570 | 301 (53) | Ref. |
| Structural | |||
| Ever participated in HIV awareness programme | |||
| Yes | 169 | 102 (52) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)* |
| No | 441 | 228 (60) | Ref. |
| Physical assault in last year | |||
| Yes | 81 | 36 (44) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
| No | 529 | 294 (56) | Ref. |
| Housing instability | |||
| Homeless | 15 | 6 (40) | – |
| Own home | 320 | 169 (53) | – |
| Rented | 275 | 155 (56) | |
| Forced sex in last year | |||
| Yes | 125 | 84 (67) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3)* |
| No | 485 | 246 (51) | Ref. |
| Police detention in last 6 months | |||
| Yes | 81 | 37 (46) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) |
| No | 529 | 293 (55) | Ref. |
| Client refusal to pay in last year | |||
| Yes | 153 | 89 (58) | – |
| No | 457 | 241 (53) | – |
| Psychosocial | |||
| Stigma towards HIV | |||
| Yes | 295 | 168 (57) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.2) |
| No | 315 | 162 (51) | Ref. |
| Suicidal thoughts (ever) | |||
| Yes | 210 | 117 (56) | – |
| No | 399 | 212 (53) | – |
| Depression§ | |||
| Euthymic | 342 | 159 (46) | Ref. |
| Distressed | 156 | 100 (64) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.5)* |
| Depressed | 112 | 71 (63) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.6)* |
| SSQS | |||
| Satisfied | 530 | 289 (55) | – |
| Dissatisfied | 80 | 41 (51) | – |
*P<0.05.
†Not utilised in last 1 year.
‡Adjusted prevalence ratio (Adj. PR) using Poisson regression with robust variance estimates (enter method); factors with unadjusted PR with P<0.2 included in the model and collinearity checked.
§Depression measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.
Ref., Reference category; SSQS, Social Support Questionnaire Short form.