Table 2.
Factors associated with non-utilisation of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) centres among men having sex with men/transgender surveyed under the integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey, 2012, Nepal
| Variables | N | HTC not utilised† | Adj. PR‡ |
| n (%)§ | |||
| Total | 400 | 221 (55) | |
| Demographic factors | |||
| Age in years | |||
| 16–19 | 69 | 54 (78) | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7)* |
| 20–24 | 129 | 73 (57) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) |
| >25 | 202 | 94 (47) | Ref. |
| Educational status | |||
| Illiterate | 13 | 7 (54) | – |
| Literate | 387 | 214 (55) | – |
| Marital status | |||
| Unmarried | 289 | 163 (56) | – |
| Married | 111 | 58 (52) | – |
| Behavioural | |||
| Condom use at last sex | |||
| Yes | 339 | 177 (72) | Ref. |
| No | 61 | 44 (52) | 1.2 (1.0 to 1.4)* |
| Drinking alcohol | |||
| Yes | 323 | 186 (58) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) |
| No | 77 | 35 (45) | Ref. |
| Structural | |||
| Ever participated in HIV awareness programme | |||
| Yes | 185 | 62 (34) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0)* |
| No | 215 | 159 (74) | Ref. |
| Physical assault in last year | |||
| Yes | 57 | 10 (18) | 1.8 (1.0 to 3.1)* |
| No | 343 | 211 (62) | Ref. |
| Housing instability | |||
| Homeless | 8 | 4 (50) | – |
| Own home | 75 | 42 (56) | – |
| Rented | 317 | 175 (55) | – |
| Forced sex in last year | |||
| Yes | 52 | 10 (19) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9)* |
| No | 348 | 211 (61) | Ref. |
| Discrimination in job | |||
| Yes | 79 | 17 (22) | Ref. |
| No | 321 | 204 (64) | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) |
| Psychosocial factors | |||
| Stigma towards HIV | |||
| Yes | 253 | 138 (54) | – |
| No | 147 | 83 (56) | – |
| Suicidal thought ever | |||
| Yes | 107 | 33 (31) | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) |
| No | 293 | 188(64) | Ref. |
| Depression¶ | |||
| Euthymic | 220 | 121 (59) | – |
| Distressed | 83 | 49 (53) | – |
| Depressed | 97 | 51 (55) | – |
| SSQS | |||
| Satisfied | 390 | 216 (55) | – |
| Dissatisfied | 10 | 5 (50) | – |
*P<0.05.
†Not utilised in last 1 year.
‡Adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) using Poisson regression with robust variance estimates (enter method); factors with unadjusted PR with P<0.2 included in model and collinearity checked.
§Unweighted descriptive statistics for RDS-weighted estimates, refer to online supplementary web-only table 3
¶Depression measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale.
RDS, respondent-driven sampling; SSQS, Social Support Questionnaire Short form.