Table 2.

Descriptions and examples of context of overdiagnosis discussion

Overdiagnosis context	Description	Example
Overdiagnosis estimation	Providing a quantitative estimate of overdiagnosis	Estimation of overdiagnosis in low-dose CT screening for lung cancer66
Disease definition	Setting thresholds to define the absence or presence of a disease, or distinguishing between two subcategories within a disease	Current definitions of airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease yield overdiagnosis in primary care67
Overdiagnosis communication	Assessing and improving the understanding of overdiagnosis in the general public and improving overdiagnosis dissemination by the healthcare professionals	Assessing what the general public thinks is meant by the term ‘overdiagnosis’43
Incidental findings	An abnormality found of an unrelated condition during either diagnostic testing or surgery	Relevance of incidental findings when screening for a disorder in the abdominal area using multidetector contrast-enhanced CT68
Genomics	Spurious genetic abnormalities	Implications of genetic screening for common cancers in children69