Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios examining association of retentiona in care with demographic and clinical characteristics in HIV-positive patientsb receiving care at UAB, 2007–2013 (N = 743)
| Characteristic | Univariate analysisc | Multivariable analysisc,d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age (years)e | ||||
| < 30l | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| 30–45 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.51 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 0.69 |
| > 45 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 0.43 | 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) | 0.14 |
| Race | ||||
| Whitel | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| Black | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.55 | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) | 0.27 |
| Other/unk | 0.6 (0.2, 1.5) | 0.24 | 0.9 (0.3, 2.5) | 0.83 |
| Sex | ||||
| Femalel | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| Male | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.84 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.32 |
| Transmission risk | ||||
| Heterosexuall | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| IVDU | 1.2 (0.5, 2.8) | 0.75 | 1.6 (0.6, 4.5) | 0.31 |
| MSM | 1.3 (0.9, 2.1) | 0.20 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.7) | 0.13 |
| Unknown | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 0.54 | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 0.78 |
| Insurancee | ||||
| Privatel | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| Public | 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | < 0.001 |
| Uninsured/unknown | 0.5 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.002 | 0.4 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.001 |
| CD4 count, cells/uLe | ||||
| < 200 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 0.38 | – | – |
| ≥ 200l | 1.0 | – | ||
| Viral Loade | ||||
| < 200 | 0.9 (0.2, 3.1) | 0.84 | – | – |
| ≥ 200l | 1.0 | – | ||
| Depressione,f | ||||
| Yes | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 0.83 | – | – |
| Nol | 1.0 | – | ||
| Drug usee,g | ||||
| Current | 0.7 (0.4, 1.2) | 0.17 | – | – |
| Past/neverl | 1.0 | – | ||
| At risk alcohol usee,h,i | ||||
| Yes | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0.34 | – | – |
| No/lowl | 1.0 | – | ||
| Number of MHCse,j | ||||
| 0l | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
| 1 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.36 | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 0.50 |
| 2 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.51 | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 0.13 |
| 3 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.09 | 0.3 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.01 |
| Mental healthcare utilizationk | ||||
| 0l | 1.00 | 1.0 | – | |
| 1–2 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 0.43 | 1.6 (0.8, 3.0) | 0.15 |
| ≥ 3 | 4.4 (1.6, 12.2) | 0.01 | 6.8 (2.3, 20.4) | <0.001 |
CI confidence Interval, IDU intravenous drug use, MHC mental health co-morbidities, MSM men who have sex with men, OR odds Ratio, SD standard deviation, UAB University of Alabama at Birmingham (Birmingham, AL, USA)
Italic type face are statistically significant at 0.05 level
aDefinition: at least two primary care appointments being attended within a period of 12 months but separated by at least 90 days
bTreatment naïve and newly engaged in care
cLogistic regression method
dModel performance: C-statistics = 0.677; Max-rescaled r-square = 9.1%; Hosmer–Lemeshow test p value = 0.62
eMeasured at baseline (time of clinic enrollment interview)
fPatient Health Questionnaire-9
gAlcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test
hAlcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption Test
iDrug use excludes marijuana
jMeasured as total count of depression, drug use, and alcohol use
kMeasured within 12 months
lReference category